{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:52:06Z","timestamp":1782211926824,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0160-4120(02)00192-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,23]],"date-time":"2003-04-23T20:16:34Z","timestamp":1051128994000},"page":"437-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1413,"title":["Soil erosion and the global carbon budget"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Lal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB1","first-page":"1344","article-title":"The effects of cultivation on the organic matter of soils of the Canadian prairies","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Anderson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2000.642694x","article-title":"Erosion phase effects on CO2 concentration and CO2 flux from an Alfisol","volume":"64","author":"Bajracharya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062962","article-title":"Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest","volume":"294","author":"Barford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x","article-title":"The total C and N in soils of the world","volume":"47","author":"Batjes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB5","series-title":"Soil conservation","author":"Bennett","year":"1939"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.19931560302","article-title":"Colluvisols under cultivation in Schleswig\u2013Holstein: 1. Genesis, definition and geo-ecological significance","volume":"156","author":"Beyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB7","series-title":"Guidebook: soils and landscapes in schleswig\u2013holstein","volume":"vol. 51","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00863.x","article-title":"On organic soil C and CO2","volume":"30","author":"Bohn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB9","first-page":"255","article-title":"Eroding the base of civilization","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB10","first-page":"162","article-title":"The global loss of topsoil","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB11","series-title":"The role of terrestrial vegetation in the global carbon cycle","first-page":"41","article-title":"Organic carbon in soils of the world","volume":"vol. 23","author":"Buringh","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1975.03615995003900030040x","article-title":"Nutrient transport in surface runoff as influenced by soil cover and seasonal periods","volume":"39","author":"Burwell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(01)72010-X","article-title":"Impact of soil erosion on crop yields in North America","volume":"72","author":"den Biggelaar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1993.00472425002200020011x","article-title":"Characterization of wind-erosion sediments in the Red River Valley of North Dakota","volume":"22","author":"Cihacek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1936.00021962002800080001x","article-title":"The effect of wind erosion and cultivation on the total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil in the Southern High Plains","volume":"28","author":"Daniel","year":"1936","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00000786","article-title":"Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils","volume":"20","author":"Davidson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1998)026<0535:MASOCB>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Magnitude and significance of carbon burial in lakes, reservoirs and peatlands","volume":"26","author":"Dean","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB18","series-title":"Transport of carbon and minerals in major world rivers. Pt. 3","volume":"vol. 48","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB19","series-title":"Biogeochemisty of major world rivers","first-page":"323","article-title":"Summary: biogeochemistry of major world rivers","author":"Degens","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss88-010","article-title":"The importance of erosion in the carbon balance of prairie soils","volume":"68","author":"De Jong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss83-061","article-title":"Estimates of soil erosion and deposition for some Saskatchewan soils","volume":"63","author":"De Jong","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB22","series-title":"Biogeochemistry of major world rivers","first-page":"105","article-title":"Biological aspects of South American rivers: the Parana and the Orinoco","volume":"vol. 42","author":"Depetris","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB23","series-title":"Determinants of soil loss tolerance","first-page":"1","article-title":"Historical perspective of accelerated erosion and effect on world civilization","volume":"vol. 45","author":"Dregne","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-1784(00)00119-5","article-title":"Particulate matter and organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean)","volume":"23","author":"Durrieu de Madron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oceanol. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB25","series-title":"Losing ground","author":"Eckholm","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB26","series-title":"Soils and global change","first-page":"27","article-title":"Global soil carbon resources","author":"Eswaran","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1300\/J064v07n02_09","article-title":"Land use and erosional effects on two Ohio Alfisols. I. Soil properties","volume":"7","author":"Fahnstock","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sust. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB28","series-title":"Climat et erosion","author":"Fournier","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(98)00217-8","article-title":"A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico","volume":"62","author":"Go\u00f1i","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(85)90012-6","article-title":"The effects of cultivation and erosion on soils of four toposequences in the Canadian prairies","volume":"36","author":"Gregorich","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(98)00117-2","article-title":"Carbon distribution and losses: erosion and deposition effects","volume":"47","author":"Gregorich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(97)00066-1","article-title":"What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean?","volume":"27","author":"Hedges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB33","series-title":"Soils and global change","first-page":"45","article-title":"Changes in the storage of industrial carbon since 1850","author":"Houghton","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012249999","article-title":"Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink","volume":"99","author":"Hurtt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB35","series-title":"Climate change 1995. Working group 1. IPCC","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB36","series-title":"Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Intergovernmental panel on climate change","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(86)90127-4","article-title":"Nature of particulate organic matter in the river Indus, Pakistan","volume":"50","author":"Ittekkot","year":"1986","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB38","series-title":"Biogeochemisty of major world rivers","first-page":"233","article-title":"Fate of riverine particulate organic matter","author":"Ittekkot","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.454","article-title":"A mass balance approach to assess carbon dioxide evolution during erosional events","volume":"12","author":"Jacinthe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB40","series-title":"The rape of the earth","author":"Jacks","year":"1939"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB41","unstructured":"Jansson MB. Land erosion by water in different climates. UNGI report #57. Dept. Physical Geography 57, Uppsala Univ.; 1982."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2307\/521127","article-title":"A global survey of sediment yield","volume":"70","author":"Jansson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Geogr. Ann. Ser. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB43","unstructured":"Janzen HH, Campbell CA, Gregorich EG, Ellert BH. Soil carbon dynamics in Canadian agroecosystems. In: Lal R, Kimble J, Follett R, editors. Soil processes and the carbon cycle. Adv Soil Sci, Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press; 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB44","series-title":"Global freshwater quality, a first assessment. GEMS\/WMO\/UNEP","first-page":"243","article-title":"Reservoir case study: Lake Nasser","author":"Kempe","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB45","series-title":"Transport of C and minerals in major world rivers. Pt. 4","first-page":"71","article-title":"Particulate organic matter in estuaries and its ecological implications for macrobenthos","volume":"vol. 64","author":"Laane","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB46","article-title":"Soil erosion problems on Alfisols in western Nigeria and their control","volume":"1","author":"Lal","year":"1976","journal-title":"IITA Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB47","series-title":"Soils and global change","first-page":"131","article-title":"Global soil erosion by water and carbon dynamics","author":"Lal","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-2689(98)00363-3","article-title":"Soil erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality","volume":"17","author":"Lal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB49","first-page":"307","article-title":"Soil management and restoration for C sequestration to mitigate the accelerated greenhouse effect","volume":"1","author":"Lal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(01)71014-0","article-title":"World cropland soils as a source or sink for atmospheric C","volume":"71","author":"Lal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(01)71014-0","article-title":"World cropland soils as source or sink for atmospheric carbon","volume":"71","author":"Lal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB52","first-page":"709","article-title":"Dust-storm sediments of Lubbock area, Texas","volume":"41","author":"Laprade","year":"1957","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB53","article-title":"Conquest of the land through seven thousand years","volume":"99","author":"Lowdermilk","year":"1953","journal-title":"SCS Agric. Inform. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1988.03615995005200050045x","article-title":"Carbon movement in runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall conditions","volume":"52","author":"Lowrance","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1029\/95GB02925","article-title":"Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion","volume":"10","author":"Ludwig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB56","series-title":"Contemporary intensity of the world land intercontinentl erosion","author":"Lvovich","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2002)030<0443:OCFTTO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Organic carbon fluxes to the ocean from high-standing islands","volume":"30","author":"Lyons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB58","series-title":"Biogeochemisty of major world rivers","first-page":"127","article-title":"Biogeochemistry of major African rivers","author":"Martins","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.282.4.401","article-title":"Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus transport by world rivers","volume":"282","author":"Meybeck","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01105015","article-title":"Riverine transport of atmospheric carbon: sources, global typology and budget","volume":"70","author":"Meybeck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB61","series-title":"Interactions of C, N, P and S: biogeochemical cycles and global change","first-page":"163","article-title":"C, N, P and S in rivers: from sources to global inputs","author":"Meybeck","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/321061a0","article-title":"Molecular evidence for a terrestrial component of organic matter dissolved in ocean water","volume":"321","author":"Meyer-Schultz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/628741","article-title":"Worldwide delivery of river sediment to the oceans","volume":"91","author":"Milliman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1086\/629606","article-title":"Geomorphic\/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers","volume":"100","author":"Milliman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00603-7","article-title":"Terrestrial organic matter in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea, northwest Europe, as determined by CUO oxidation","volume":"65","author":"Miltner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1021\/es015834b","article-title":"Black carbon from the Mississippi River: quantities, sources and potential implications for the global C cycle","volume":"36","author":"Mitra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4141\/S95-076","article-title":"An analyses of soil organic matter dynamics in relation to management, erosion and yield of wheat in long-term crop rotation plots","volume":"77","author":"Monreal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-3490.1982.tb01837.x","article-title":"The role of lake and reservoir sediments as sinks in the perturbed global cycle","volume":"34","author":"Mullholland","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261555198","article-title":"A large carbon ink in the woody biomass of northern forests","volume":"98","author":"Myneni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB70","first-page":"10","article-title":"A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of northern forests","author":"Myneni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1071\/SR9910815","article-title":"Aggregate hierarchy in soils","volume":"29","author":"Oades","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust. J. Soil Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB72","series-title":"Soil resilience and sustainable land use","first-page":"99","article-title":"The global extent of soil degradation","author":"Oldeman","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB73","series-title":"Soil degradation: a threat to food security","author":"Oldeman","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB74","first-page":"261","article-title":"Archaeology: lessons on future soil use","volume":"36","author":"Olson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB75","first-page":"482","article-title":"Distribution and cycling of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in the ocean","volume":"386","author":"Opshal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB76","article-title":"Organic carbon in Icelandic Andosols: geographical variation and impact of erosion","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB77","series-title":"Soil processes and water quality","first-page":"137","article-title":"Impact of soil N management on the quality of surface and sub-surface water","author":"Owens","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1984.00472425001300020027x","article-title":"Peak nitrate nitrogen values in surface runoff from fertilized pastures","volume":"13","author":"Owens","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057320","article-title":"Consistent land- and atmosphere-based U.S. carbon sink estimates","volume":"292","author":"Pacala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(94)90086-8","article-title":"Landscape-scale changes in indicators of soil quality due to cultivation in Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"64","author":"Pennock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1126\/science.267.5201.1117","article-title":"Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits","volume":"267","author":"Pimentel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0889.1992.t01-1-00001.x","article-title":"The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate","volume":"44","author":"Raich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tellus Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/35054034","article-title":"Riverine export of aged terrestrial organic matter to the North Atlantic Ocean","volume":"409","author":"Raymond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1990.03615995005400010035x","article-title":"Erosion-induced changes in the properties of a Fragipan soil","volume":"54","author":"Rhoton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1126\/science.207.4437.1348","article-title":"Organic carbon: oxidation and transport in the Amazon River","volume":"207","author":"Richey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1029\/WR022i005p00756","article-title":"Water discharge and suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River: 1982\u20131984","volume":"22","author":"Richey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB87","series-title":"Biogeochemisty of major world rivers","first-page":"57","article-title":"The biogeochemistry of a major river system: the Amazon case study","author":"Richey","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.1989.tb03065.x","article-title":"Carbon content of sediments of small reservoirs","volume":"25","author":"Ritchie","year":"1989","journal-title":"Water Resour. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB89","first-page":"335","article-title":"Carbon cycling components in the Arctic Seas of Russia: carbon fluxes from land, carbon in the bottom sediments, elements of balance","volume":"40","author":"Romankevich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oceanology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB90","series-title":"The earth as transformed by humans action: global and regional changes in the biosphere over the past 300 years","first-page":"203","article-title":"Soils","author":"Rozanov","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB91","unstructured":"Scherr S. Soil degradation: a threat to developing country food security by 2020. IFRI Food, Agric. and Environment Discussion Paper 27, Washington, DC; 1999. 63 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB92","unstructured":"Scherr SJ, Yadav S. Land degradation in the developing world: implications for food, agriculture and the environment to 2020. IFPRI, Food, Agric. and the Environment Discussion Paper 14, Washington, DC; 1996. 36 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00008.x","article-title":"Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle","volume":"1","author":"Schimel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/35102500","article-title":"Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"414","author":"Schimel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB95","series-title":"Biotic feedbacks in the global climatic system: will the warming feed the warming?","first-page":"159","article-title":"Soil respiration and changes in soil carbon stocks","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01742.x","article-title":"Transport of organic carbon in world's rivers","volume":"33","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s005310050290","article-title":"Transport of terrestrial organic carbon to the oceans by rivers: re-estimating flux and burial rates","volume":"88","author":"Schl\u00fcnz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GB900043","article-title":"Spatial budget of organic carbon flux to the seafloor of the northern North Atlantic (60\u00b0N\u201380\u00b0N)","volume":"14","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00208516","article-title":"Transport of ammonium and nitrate N in surface runoff from pasture as influenced by urea application","volume":"20","author":"Sharpley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1939.036159950003000C0026x","article-title":"The effect of erosion on losses of soil organic matter","volume":"3","author":"Slater","year":"1938","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001341","article-title":"Budgets of soil erosion and deposition for sediments and sedimentary organic carbon across the conterminous United States","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB102","series-title":"Biogeochemistry of major rivers","first-page":"214","article-title":"Dissolved organic carbon in rivers","volume":"vol. 42","author":"Spitzy","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1029\/98GB00741","article-title":"Terrestrial sedimentation and carbon cycle: coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial","volume":"12","author":"Stallard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-145X(199612)7:4<325::AID-LDR237>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Wind blown nutrient transport and soil productivity changes in southwest Niger","volume":"7","author":"Sterk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB105","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Strakhov","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB106","series-title":"Biogeochemisty of major world rivers","first-page":"157","article-title":"Carbon transport by the Himalayan rivers","author":"Subramanian","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.247.4949.1431","article-title":"Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget","volume":"247","author":"Tans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB108","series-title":"Biogeochemistry of major world rivers","first-page":"75","article-title":"Carbon and mineral transport in major North American, Russian, Arctic, and Siberian rivers","author":"Telang","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB109","series-title":"Organic geochemistry of natural waters","author":"Thurman","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1982.00021962007400050015x","article-title":"Cultivation effects on the amount and concentration of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland soils","volume":"74","author":"Tiessen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB111","series-title":"Structure and organic matter storage in agricultural soils","first-page":"57","article-title":"Formation of soil aggregates and accumulation of soil organic matter","author":"Tisdall","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1982.tb01755.x","article-title":"Organic matter and water stable aggregates in soil","volume":"33","author":"Tisdall","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB113","unstructured":"UNCED, Agenda 21: programme of action for sustainable development, rio declaration on environment and development, statement of principles. Final text of agreement negotiated by governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), 3\u201314 June 1992, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, UNDP, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB114","unstructured":"UNEP, Sands of change: why land becomes desert and what can be done about it. UNEP Brief #2, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; 1986. 8 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB115","series-title":"World atlas of desertification","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB116","series-title":"United Nations framework convention on climate change","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB117","series-title":"Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB118","unstructured":"UNFCD. United Nations framework convention to combat desertification. Bonn, Germany; 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4141\/cjss81-026","article-title":"Organic C dynamics in grassland soils: 2. Model validation and simulation of the long-term effects of cultivation and rainfall erosion","volume":"61","author":"Voroney","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1923(95)02242-2","article-title":"Rye mulch characterization for the purpose of micro-climatic modelling","volume":"78","author":"Wagner-Ridle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00103629409369000","article-title":"Soil organic matter must be restored to near original levels","volume":"25","author":"Wallace","year":"1994","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(83)90217-2","article-title":"The sediment delivery problem","volume":"65","author":"Walling","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB123","series-title":"Global continental changes: the context of paleohydrology","first-page":"43","article-title":"Erosion and sediment yield in a changing environment","volume":"vol. 115","author":"Walling","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB124","series-title":"Human impact on erosion and sedimentation","first-page":"77","article-title":"The response of sediment yield to environmental change","volume":"vol. 245","author":"Walling","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB125","series-title":"Background to paleohydrology","first-page":"69","article-title":"Patterns of sediment yield","author":"Walling","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(85)90382-0","article-title":"Estimating the discharge of contaminants to coastal waters by rivers: some cautionary comments","volume":"16","author":"Walling","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB127","series-title":"Water for the future: hydrology in perspective. Proc. Rome Symp., April 1987","first-page":"313","article-title":"Material transport by the world's rivers: evolving perspectives","volume":"vol. 164","author":"Walling","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB128","series-title":"Proc. Porto Alegra Symp, December 1988","first-page":"337","article-title":"The reliability of rating curve estimates of suspended sediment yield: some further comments","volume":"vol. 174","author":"Walling","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB129","series-title":"Erosion and sediment yield: global and regional perspectives. Proc. Exeter Symp., July 1996","first-page":"3","article-title":"Erosion and sediment yield: a global overview","volume":"vol. 236","author":"Walling","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.249.8.553","article-title":"A sedimentary study of dust storm in the vicinity of Lubbock, TX","volume":"249","author":"Warn","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB131","first-page":"28","article-title":"Soil physical properties and erosion control","volume":"19","author":"Webber","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB134","series-title":"Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environment","first-page":"145","article-title":"The distribution and cycling of organic matter in the ocean","author":"Williams","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB132","series-title":"The role of air sea exchange in geochemical cycling","first-page":"185","article-title":"Atmospheric, oceanic and interfacial photochemistry as factors influencing air\u2013sea exchange fluxes and processes","volume":"vol. 185","author":"Zafiriou","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1989.03615995005300040037x","article-title":"Runoff, soil and dissolved nutrient losses from no-till soybean with winter cover crops","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412002001927?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0160412002001927?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,30]],"date-time":"2019-03-30T06:59:25Z","timestamp":1553929165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0160412002001927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0160412002001927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0160-4120(02)00192-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}}}