{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T03:44:04Z","timestamp":1760586244121},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0164-1212(99)00006-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T21:09:52Z","timestamp":1049490592000},"page":"123-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The impact of feedback in the global software process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M.M.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"Ramil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB1","unstructured":"Aulin, A., 1989. Foundations of Mathematical System Dynamics \u2013 The Fundamental Theory of Causal Recursion and its Application to Social Science and Economics. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 328 pp"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, B., Devnani-Chulani, S., Boehm, B., 1998. Calibrating the COCOMO II Post-Architecture Model. In: Proceedings of ICSE'98, 19\u201325 April 1998. Kyoto, Japan, pp. 477\u2013480","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1998.671610"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyle, R.G., 1996. System Dynamics Modelling \u2013 A Practical Approach, Chapman & Hall, London, 413 pp","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2935-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belady, L.A., Lehman, M.M., 1972. An introduction to program growth dynamics. In: Freiburger, W. (Ed.), Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation. Academic Press, New York, pp. 503\u2013511","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-266950-7.50030-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB5","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1969. The Programming Process. IBM Res. Rep. RC 2722. IBM Res. Centre, Yorktown Heights, NY 10594, September 1969 (reprinted in Lehman and Belady, 1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB6","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1974. Programs, Cities, Students, Limits to Growth? Inaugural Lecture, May 1974. Published in Imperial College of Science and Technology Inaug. Lect. Ser. vol 9, 1970, 1974, pp. 211\u2013229. Also in: Gries, D. (Ed.), Programming Methodology, Springer, Berlin, pp. 42\u201362 (reprinted in Lehman and Belady, 1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB7","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1977. Human Thought and Action as an Ingredient of System Behaviour, In: Duncan, R., Smith, M.W. (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Ignorance. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1977 (reprinted in Lehman and Belady, 1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB8","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1978. Laws of program evolution \u2013 rules and tools for programming management. In: Proceedings of the Infotech State of the Art Conference, Why Software Projects Fail?, April 1978, pp. 11\/1\u201311\/25 (reprinted in Lehman and Belady, 1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1980. Programs, life cycles and laws of software evolution, Proc. IEEE Special Issue on Software Engineering 68 (9), 1980, pp. 1060\u20131076 (reprinted in Lehman and Belady, 1985)","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11805"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.4360010103","article-title":"Uncertainty in computer application and its control through the engineering of software","volume":"1","author":"Lehman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. of Softw. Maint. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB11","first-page":"584","article-title":"Uncertainty in computer application","volume":"33","author":"Lehman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1995. Process improvement \u2013 the way forward. In: Livari, J. et al., (Eds.), Proceedings of CAiSE 95, Jyvaskyla, Finland, June 1995, Lect. Notes in Comp. Sci. 932, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1\u201311","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19950390"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1996. Process improvement \u2013 the way forward, Invited Keynote Address. In: Proceedings of the Brazilian Software Engineering Symposium, pp. 23\u201335","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19950390"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1997. Laws of software evolution revisited. In: Proceedings of EWSPT'96, Nancy, 9\u201311 October 1996, LNCS 1149, Springer, Berlin, 1997, pp. 108\u2013124","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017737"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB15","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., 1998. FEAST\/2: Case for Support, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB16","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Belady, L.A., 1985. Program Evolution \u2013 Processes of Software Change, Academic Press, London, 1985, 538 pps"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB17","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Stenning, V., 1996. FEAST\/1: Case for Support, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB18","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Wernick, P., 1998. System dynamics models of software evolution processes. In: Proceedings of the International Work shop on the Principles of Software Evolution. ICSE'98, Kyoto, Japan, 20\u201321 April, pp. 6\u201310"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Stenning, V., Turski, W.M., 1984. Another look at software design methodology, ICST DoC Res. Rep. 83\/13, 1983. Also, Software Engineering Notes 9(2), (1984) 38\u201353","DOI":"10.1145\/1010925.1010928"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB20","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Perry, D.E., Turski, W.M., 1996. Why is it so hard to find feedback control in software processes? Invited talk. In: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Computer Science Conference, Melbourne, 31 January\u20132 Februray 1996, pp. 107\u2013115"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Perry, D.E., Ramil, J.F., Turski, W.M., Wernick, P., 1997. Metrics and laws of software evolution \u2013 the nineties view. In: Proceedings Metrics '97, Albuquerque, NM, 5\u20137 November 1997. Also as Process Improvement \u2013 The Way Forward. In: El Eman, K., Madhavji, N.H., (Eds.), Elements of Software Process Assessment and Improvement, IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Silver Spring, MD","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.1997.637156"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Perry, D.E., Ramil, J.F., 1998a. Implications of evolution metrics on software maintenance, In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM '98, Bethesda, Maryland, 16\u201320 November, 1998, pp. 208\u2013217","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.1998.738510"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Perry, D.E., Ramil, J.F., 1998b. On evidence supporting the FEAST hypothesis and the laws of software evolution. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Metrics Symposium, Metrics'98, Bethesda, Maryland, 20\u201321 November, 1998, pp. 84\u201388","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.1998.731229"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB24","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Ramil, J.F., Wernick, P., 1998c. The influence of global factors on software system evolution, Res. Rep., Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, September 1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB25","unstructured":"MATLAB, High-performance Numeric Computation and Visualisation Software \u2013 Reference Guide, 1992. The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, G.A., 1956. The magic number 7, plus or minus 2: some limits on our capacity for processing information, Psychological Review, 63, 81\u201397","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turski, W.M., 1996. Reference model for smooth growth of software systems, IEEE Trans. on Soft. Eng. 22 (8), 599\u2013600","DOI":"10.1109\/32.536959"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB28","unstructured":"Vensim Reference Manual, 1995. Version 1.62, Ventana Sys. Inc. Belmont, MA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB29","unstructured":"Wernick, P., Lehman, M.M., 1998. Software process white box modelling for FEAST\/1, ProSim'98. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Processing and Simulation Modelling, 22\u201324 June 1998, Silver Falls, Oregon and in this volume"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wetherill, G.B., Brown, B.W., 1991. Statistical Process Control: Theory and Practice, Chapman & Hall, London, 400 pps","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2949-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00006-0_BIB31","unstructured":"Wilkes, M.V., Wheeler, D.J., Gill, S., 1951. The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, Addison-Wesley Press, Reading, MA, 167 pps"}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121299000060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121299000060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T16:39:19Z","timestamp":1580229559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0164121299000060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0164121299000060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0164-1212(99)00006-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-1212","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}