{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:49:20Z","timestamp":1761706160610},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1684(00)00023-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T02:38:29Z","timestamp":1027651109000},"page":"1115-1126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Maximum likelihood, ESPRIT, and periodogram frequency estimation of radar signals in K-distributed clutter"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Gini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Verrazzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.J. Abatzoglou, A fast maximum likelihood algorithm for frequency estimation of a sinusoid based on Newton's method, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 33 (1) (February 1985) 77\u201389.","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1985.1164541"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Aluffi-Pentini, A. Farina, F. Zirilli, Radar detection of targets located in a coherent K-distributed clutter background, IEE Proc.-F, 139 (3) (June 1992) 239\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1992.0030"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB3","unstructured":"O. Besson, M. Ghogho, A. Swami, Parameter estimation for random amplitude chirp signals, Rapport Technique D 98 NT 1, ENSICA, September 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Besson, P. Stoica, Sinusoidal signals with random amplitude: least-squares estimators and their statistical analysis, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43 (11) (November 1995) 2733\u20132744.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.482122"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Besson, P. Stoica, Analysis of MUSIC and ESPIRIT frequency estimates for sinusoidal signals with lowpass envelopes, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 44 (9) (September 1996) 2359\u20132364.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.536697"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Besson, P. Stoica, Two subspace-based methods for frequency estimation of sinusoidal signals with random amplitude, IEE Proc.-F 144 (4) (August 1997) 169\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:19971308"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(97)00238-7","article-title":"Exponential signals with time-varying amplitude: parameter estimation via polar decomposition","volume":"66","author":"Besson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.-M. Cho, P.M. Djuric, Bayesian detection and estimation of cisoids in colored noise, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43 (12) (December 1995) 2943\u20132952.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.476438"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Conte, M. Longo, M. Lops, S.L. Ullo, Radar detection of signals with unknown parameters in K-distributed clutter, IEE Proc.-F 138 (April 1991) 131\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1991.0019"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB10","unstructured":"A. Drosopoulos, Description of the OHGR database, Tech. Note No. 94-14, Defence Research Establishment Ottawa, December 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Farina, F. Gini, M.V. Greco, L. Verrazzani, High resolution sea clutter data: statistical analysis of recorded live data, IEE Proc.-F 44 (3) (June 1997) 121\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:19971107"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Galtier, O. Besson, Analysis of a frequency estimator for a class of laser signals with time-varying amplitude, IEE Proc.-F 145 (2) (April 1998) 109\u2013118.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:19981671"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ghogho, A. Swami, A. Nandi, Cram\u00e9r-Rao bounds and maximum likelihood estimation for random amplitude modulated phase signals, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 47 (11) (November 1999) 2905\u20132916.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.796427"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.B. Giannakis, G.T. Zhou, Harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise: parameter estimation using cyclic statistics, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43 (9) (September 1995) 2217\u20132221.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.414790"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, Sub-optimum coherent radar detection in a mixture of K-distributed and Gaussian clutter, IEE Proc.-F 144 (1) (February 1997) 39\u201348.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:19970967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, A radar application of a modified Cram\u00e9r-Rao bound: parameter estimation in non-Gaussian clutter, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 46 (7) (July 1998) 1945\u20131953.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.700966"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, A cumulant-based adaptive technique for coherent radar detection in a mixture of K-distributed clutter and Gaussian disturbance, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 47 (6) (June 1999) 1507\u20131519.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.599993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, G.B. Giannakis, Frequency offset and symbol timing recovery in flat fading channels: a cyclostationary approach, IEEE Trans. Commun. 46 (3) (March 1998) 400\u2013411.","DOI":"10.1109\/26.662646"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, M.V. Greco, A. Farina, Clairvoyant and adaptive signal detection in non-gaussian clutter: a data-dependent threshold interpretation, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 45 (6) (June 1997) 1522\u20131531.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.765121"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Gini, M. Luise, R. Reggiannini, Cram\u00e9r-Rao bounds for parameter estimation of fading radiotransmission channels, IEEE Trans. Commun. 46 (10) (October 1998) 1390\u20131398.","DOI":"10.1109\/26.725316"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.M. Nayebi, M.R. Aref, M.H. Bastani, Detection of coherent radar signals with unknown Doppler shift, IEE Proc.-F 143 (2) (April 1996) 79\u201386.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:19960158"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Peleg, B. Porat, Linear FM signal parameter estimation from discrete-time observations, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems 27 (3) (July 1991) 607\u2013615.","DOI":"10.1109\/7.85033"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB23","series-title":"Digital Processing of Random Signals, Theory & Methods","author":"Porat","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB24","series-title":"A Course in Digital Signal Processing","author":"Porat","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Rangaswamy, D.D. Weiner, A. Ozturk, Non-Gaussian vector identification using spherically invariant random processes, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems 29 (1) (January 1993) 111\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1109\/7.249117"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Rangaswamy, D.D. Weiner, A. Ozturk, Computer generation of correlated non-Gaussian radar clutter, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems 31 (1) (January 1995) 106\u2013115.","DOI":"10.1109\/7.366297"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Reuven, H. Messer, A Barankin-type lower bound on the estimation error of a hybrid parameter vector, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 43 (5) (May 1997) 1084\u20131093.","DOI":"10.1109\/18.568725"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.C. Rife, R.R. Boorstyn, Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete-time observations, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 20 (5) (September 1974) 591\u2013598.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1974.1055282"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB29","series-title":"Principles of High-Resolution Radar","author":"Richaczek","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Sangston, K. Gerlach, Coherent detection of radar targets in a non-Gaussian background, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems 30 (2) (April 1994) 330\u2013340.","DOI":"10.1109\/7.272258"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Sangston, F. Gini, M.V. Greco, A. Farina, Structures for radar detection in compound Gaussian clutter, IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems 35 (2) (April 1999) 445\u2013458.","DOI":"10.1109\/7.766928"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Stoica, A. Jakobsson, J. Li, Cisoid parameter estimation in the colored noise case: asymptotic Cram\u00e9r-Rao bound, maximum likelihood and nonlinear least-squares, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 45 (8) (August 1997) 2048\u20132059.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.611203"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Stoica, A. Nehorai, MUSIC, maximum likelihood, and Cram\u00e9r-Rao bound, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 37 (5) (May 1989) 720\u2013741.","DOI":"10.1109\/29.17564"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(96)00088-6","article-title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao bounds for deterministic signals in additive and multiplicative noise","volume":"53","author":"Swami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB35","series-title":"Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory","author":"Van Trees","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts, S. (Ed.), Special issue on radar clutter and multipath propagation, IEE Proc.-F 138 (April 1991).","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1991.0011"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(00)00023-2_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.T. Zhou, G.B. Giannakis, Harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise: performance analysis of cyclic estimators, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43 (6) (June 1995) 1445\u20131460.","DOI":"10.1109\/78.388857"}],"container-title":["Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165168400000232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165168400000232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T04:02:43Z","timestamp":1580875363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165168400000232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165168400000232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-1684(00)00023-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1684","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}