{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1779340768067,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]],"date-time":"1998-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":893980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1684(98)00012-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T15:39:01Z","timestamp":1027611541000},"page":"303-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":547,"title":["Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Joseph J.K.\u00d2.","family":"Ruanaidh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Pun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB1","unstructured":"R.E. Blahut, The Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes, Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1983."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.D. Brandt, F. Lin, Representations that uniquely characterize images modulo translation, rotation and scaling, Pattern Recognition Lett. 17 (August 1996) 1001\u20131015.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(96)00062-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Caronni, Assuring Ownership Rights for Digital Images, in: H.H. Brueggemann, W. Gerhardt-Haeckl (Eds.), Reliable IT Systems VIS \u201995. Vieweg Publishing Company, Germany, 1995.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-91094-3_16"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB4","unstructured":"W.G. Chambers, Basics of Communications and Coding, Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB5","unstructured":"I. Cox, J. Killian, T. Leighton, T. Shamoon, Secure spread spectrum communication for multimedia. Technical report, N.E.C. Research Institute, 1995. ftp:\/\/ftp.nj.nec.com\/pub\/ingemar\/papers\/watermark.ps.Z."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Cox, J. Killian, T. Leighton, T. Shamoon, Secure spread spectrum watermarking for images, audio and video, in: Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-96, Lausanne, Switzerland, 16\u201319 September 1996, pp. 243\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560429"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Cox, S. Roy, S.L. Hingorani, Dynamic histogram warping of image pairs for constant image brightness, Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-95, Austin, Texas, 1995.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1995.537491"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Craver, N. Memon, B. Yeo, M. Yeung, Can invisible watermarks resolve rightful ownerships? Technical Report RC20509, IBM Research Division, Yorktown heights, July 1996.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.263419"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Davern, M. Scott, Fractal based image steganography, in: Ross Anderson (Ed.), Proc. of the First Int. Workshop in Information Hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Cambridge, UK, May\/June 1996, Springer, Berlin, pp. 279\u2013294.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61996-8_47"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.F. Delaigle, C. De Vleeschouwer, B. Macq, Digital Watermarking, Conf. 2659 \u2013 Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques, San Jose, February 1996. SPIE Electronic Imaging: Sci. and Technol., pp. 99\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.235449"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ferraro., Terry M. Caelli., Lie transform groups, integral transforms, and invariant pattern recognition, Spatial Vision 8 (1) (1994) 33\u201344.","DOI":"10.1163\/156856894X00224"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB12","unstructured":"J. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1966."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB13","unstructured":"K. Matsui, K. Tanaka, Video-Steganography: How to secretly embed a signature in a picture, in: IMA Intellectual Property Project Proc., January 1994, pp. 187\u2013206."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Milanese, S. Gil, T. Pun, Attentive mechanisms for dynamic and static scene analysis, Optical Eng. 34 (8) (August 1995) 2428\u20132434.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.205668"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.J.K.\u00d3 Ruanaidh, W.J. Dowling, F.M. Boland, Phase watermarking of digital images, Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-96, Lausanne, Switzerland, 16\u201319 September 1996, pp. 239\u2013242.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560428"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.J.K.\u00d3 Ruanaidh, W.J. Dowling, F.M. Boland, Watermarking digital images for copyright protection, IEE Proc. on Vision, Image and Signal Processing, August 1996, 143 (4) 250\u2013256. Invited paper, based on the paper of the same title at the IEE Conf. on Image Processing and Its Applications, Edinburgh, July 1995.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-vis:19960711"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.V. Oppenheim, J.S. Lim, The importance of phase in signals, Proc. IEEE 69 (5) (May 1981) 529\u2013541.","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1981.12022"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Pfitzmann, Information hiding terminology, in: Ross Anderson (Ed.), Proc. of the First Int. Workshop in Information Hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Cambridge, UK, Springer, New York, May\/June 1996, pp. 347\u2013350.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61996-8_52"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.L. Pickholtz, D.L. Schilling, L.B. Milstein, Theory of spread spectrum communications \u2013 a tutorial, IEEE Trans. Commun. COM-30 (5) (May 1982) 855\u2013884.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1982.1095533"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Pitas, A method for signature casting on digital images, Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-96, Lausanne, Switzerland, 16\u201319 September 1996, pp. 215\u2013218.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560422"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB21","unstructured":"W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in C. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Puate, F. Jordan, Using fractal compression scheme to embed a digital signature into an image, Proc. of SPIE Photonics East\u201996 Symp. November 1996.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.263382"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.H. Reiss, Recognizing planar Objects Using Invariant Image Features. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, New York, 1993.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017553"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB24","unstructured":"B. Schneier, Applied Cryptography, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Smith, B. Comiskey, Modulation and information hiding in images, in: Ross Anderson (Ed.), Proc. of the First Int. Workshop in Information Hiding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Cambridge, UK, Springer, New York, May\/June 1996, pp. 207\u2013226.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61996-8_42"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB26","unstructured":"D. McG. Squire, Model-based Neural Networks for Invariant Pattern Recognition, Ph.D. Thesis, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, October 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.D. Swanson, B. Zhu, A. Tewfik, Transparent robust image watermarking, Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-96, Lausanne, Switzerland, 16\u201319 September 1996, pp. 211\u2013214.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560421"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB28","unstructured":"P. Sweeney, Error Control Coding: An Introduction, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB29","unstructured":"A.Z. Tirkel, G.A. Rankin, R.G. van Schyndel, W.J. Ho, N.R.A. Mee, C.F. Osborne, Electronic watermark, Dicta-93, Macquarie University, Sydney, December 1993, pp. 666\u2013672."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB30","unstructured":"A.Z. Tirkel, R.G. van Schyndel, C.F. Osborne, A two-dimensional digital watermark, ACCV\u201995, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 6\u20138 December 1995, pp. 378\u2013383."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.G. van Schyndel, A.Z. Tirkel, C.F. Osborne, A digital watermark, IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing ICIP-95, Austin, Texas, 1994, pp. 86\u201390.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1994.413536"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB32","unstructured":"R.G. van Schyndel, A.Z. Tirkel, C.F. Osborne, Towards a robust digital watermark, Dicta-95, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 5\u20138 December 1995, pp. 504\u2013508."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00012-7_BIB33","unstructured":"J. Zhao, E. Koch, Embedding robust labels into images for copyright protection, Technical report, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, Darmstadt, Germany, 1994."}],"container-title":["Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165168498000127?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165168498000127?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T15:04:01Z","timestamp":1578668641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165168498000127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165168498000127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-1684(98)00012-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1684","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}}}