{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T22:11:03Z","timestamp":1774217463224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]],"date-time":"1999-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":928195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-6851(99)00062-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,28]],"date-time":"2003-02-28T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1046454577000},"page":"107-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Intra-cluster recombination and var transcription switches in the antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Kirk W.","family":"Deitsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amy","family":"del Pinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Wellems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)02575-8","article-title":"Membrane modifications in erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"76","author":"Deitsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90007-D","article-title":"Periodicity and space-time clustering of severe childhood malaria on the coast of Kenya","volume":"87","author":"Snow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1128\/.61.3.281-293.1997","article-title":"Shared themes of antigenic variation and virulence in bacterial, protozoal, and fungal infections","volume":"61","author":"Deitsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90054-3","article-title":"Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes","volume":"82","author":"Baruch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90055-1","article-title":"A large and diverse gene family (var) encodes 200\u2013350 kD proteins implicated in the antigenic variation and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes","volume":"82","author":"Su","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90056-X","article-title":"Switches in expression of Plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.20.9171","article-title":"Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"88","author":"Biggs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/357689a0","article-title":"Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria","volume":"357","author":"Roberts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/28660","article-title":"Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"394","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.18.5418","article-title":"Antigenic variation in malaria: in situ switching, relaxed and mutually exclusive transcription of var genes during intra-erythrocytic development in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"17","author":"Scherf","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.2.604","article-title":"Evidence for mobile and differentially expressed var genes in subtelomeric regions of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes","volume":"17","author":"Hernandez-Rivas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00780.x","article-title":"The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum are located in the subtelomeric region of most chromosomes","volume":"15","author":"Rubio","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00071-6","article-title":"Genomic representation of var gene sequences in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from different geographic regions","volume":"87","author":"Kyes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950180406","article-title":"Antigenic variation in trypanosomes: secrets surface slowly","volume":"18","author":"Cross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00184-9","article-title":"Control of VSG gene expression sites Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"91","author":"Borst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(97)01219-5","article-title":"Exploring and explaining epigenitic effects","volume":"13","author":"Henikoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114753","article-title":"Evidence for a switching mechanism in the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"86","author":"Dolan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/263767a0","article-title":"Culture of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"263","author":"Haynes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.781840","article-title":"Human malaria parasites in continuous culture","volume":"193","author":"Trager","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolan SA, Adam RD, Wellems TE. Chromosome mapping methods for parasitic protozoa. In: Hyde JE, editors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 21: Protocols in Molecular Parasitology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1993.","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-239-6:319"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB21","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Fritsch E, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.15.7100","article-title":"Isolation of multiple sequences from the Plasmodium falciparum genome that encode conserved domains homologous to those in erythrocyte-binding proteins","volume":"92","author":"Peterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.973","article-title":"Transfection of Plasmodium falciparum within human red blood cells","volume":"92","author":"Wu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10931","article-title":"Transformation with human dihydrofolate reductase renders malaria parasites insensitive to WR99210 but does not affect the intrinsic activity of proguanil","volume":"94","author":"Fidock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00144-8","article-title":"Physical mapping of a defect in Plasmodium falciparum male gametocytogenesis to an 800 kb segment of chromosome 12","volume":"90","author":"Guinet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90647-9","article-title":"Phase variation of H. influenzae fimbriae: transcriptional control of two divergent genes through a variable combined promoter region","volume":"73","author":"van Ham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90011-1","article-title":"The molecular mechanism of phase variation of H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide","volume":"59","author":"Weiser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.6.3304-3309.1990","article-title":"Characterization of repetitive sequences controlling phase-variation of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide","volume":"172","author":"Weiser","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB29","unstructured":"Higgins CF, Dorman CJ. DNA supercoiling: a role in the regulation of gene expression and bacterial virulence. In: Rappuoli R, editor. Bacterial Protein Toxins. New York: Gustav Fischer, 1990:293\u2013301."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2838","article-title":"The 5\u2032 coding region of Paramecium surface antigen genes controls mutually exclusive transcription","volume":"93","author":"Leeck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90094-2","article-title":"A ribosomal DNA promoter replacing the promoter of a telomeric variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site can be efficiently switched on an off in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"83","author":"Rudenko","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07467.x","article-title":"The promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"9","author":"Zomerdijk","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.19.5153","article-title":"Alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription units in trypanosomes: a comparison of promoter sequences for a VSG gene expression site and for the ribosomal RNA genes","volume":"19","author":"Zomerdijk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.11.1.338","article-title":"Transient activity assays of the Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein gene promoter: control of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level","volume":"11","author":"Jefferies","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuroda MI, Meller VH. Transient Xist-ence. Cell 1997:9\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)80003-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90619-X","article-title":"Switching gene swi6, involved in repression of silent mating-type loci in fission yeast, encodes a homologue of chromatin-associated proteins from Drosophila and mammals","volume":"143","author":"Lorentz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80496-1","article-title":"Cosuppression comes to the animals","volume":"90","author":"Bingham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265441","article-title":"The switching gene swi6 affects recombination and gene expression in the mating-type region of Schizosaccharomyces pombe","volume":"233","author":"Lorentz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00062-6_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13040","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum antigenic diversity: evidence of clonal population structure","volume":"94","author":"Rich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166685199000626?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166685199000626?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T22:55:45Z","timestamp":1580338545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166685199000626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0166685199000626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0166-6851(99)00062-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-6851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-6851","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}}}