{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:52:25Z","timestamp":1779342745485,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-5699(97)01079-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T12:27:28Z","timestamp":1027600048000},"page":"450-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":261,"title":["Replicative senescence of T cells: does the Hayflick Limit lead to immune exhaustion?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rita B.","family":"Effros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Pawelec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(61)90192-6","volume":"25","author":"Hayflick","year":"1961","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(96)01783-6","volume":"91","author":"Adibzadeh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5271.63","volume":"273","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181845","volume":"193","author":"Morgan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB5","series-title":"Isolation, Characterisation, and Utilisation of T Lumphocyte Clones","first-page":"183","author":"Johnson","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(94)00192-8","volume":"81","author":"Kaltoft","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(89)90009-0","volume":"24","author":"Perillo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(95)01625-A","volume":"83","author":"Adibzadeh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(96)00097-6","volume":"31","author":"Pawelec","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000236671","volume":"104","author":"Grubeck-Loebenstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(87)90041-8","volume":"41","author":"McCarron","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB12","first-page":"11091","volume":"92","author":"Weng","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(93)90121-7","volume":"67","author":"Ferillo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.2.402","volume":"136","author":"Pawelec","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.2.243","volume":"167","author":"Pawelec","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB16","first-page":"21","volume":"4","author":"Pawelec","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/4.6.661","volume":"4","author":"Beverly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B65","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.B65","volume":"49","author":"Effros","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(94)90073-6","volume":"29","author":"Effros","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB20","first-page":"394","volume":"201","author":"Olovnikov","year":"1971","journal-title":"Doklady Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(87)90424-1","volume":"168","author":"Fairweather","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(95)02008-X","volume":"31","author":"Allsopp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/239197a0","volume":"239","author":"Watson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nat. New Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB24","first-page":"661","volume":"52","author":"Vaziri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1306","volume":"220","author":"Allsopp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-199601000-00012","volume":"8","author":"Shay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2471","volume":"183","author":"Weng","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.0299","volume":"228","author":"Bodnar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00098.x","volume":"14","author":"Bryan","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB30","first-page":"559","volume":"3","author":"Shay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB31","first-page":"11190","volume":"92","author":"Chang","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB32","first-page":"9363","volume":"92","author":"Dimri","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB33","first-page":"88","volume":"43","author":"Effros","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-9.x","volume":"43","author":"Dutra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB35","first-page":"494","volume":"10","author":"Rossi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118638","volume":"97","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8612987","volume":"110","author":"Roman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(94)90139-2","volume":"6","author":"Doherty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.2.249","volume":"177","author":"Carmichael","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.11.6182","volume":"154","author":"Morlev","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB41","first-page":"99","volume":"4","author":"Granewald","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90077-2","volume":"2","author":"Bruno","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB43","first-page":"3707","volume":"92","author":"McLean","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB44","first-page":"4337","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(95)01689-9","volume":"86","author":"Keogh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91403-Y","volume":"179","author":"Hara","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01079-7_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00519.x","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."}],"container-title":["Immunology Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167569997010797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167569997010797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T02:27:35Z","timestamp":1680920855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167569997010797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167569997010797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-5699(97)01079-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}