{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:22:09Z","timestamp":1775870529361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T02:42:44Z","timestamp":1027651364000},"page":"851-871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":600,"title":["Ant algorithms and stigmergy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Dorigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bonabeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Theraulaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Bauer, B. Bullnheimer, R.F. Hartl, C. Strauss, An Ant Colony Optimization approach for the single machine total tardiness problem, in: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 1445\u20131450.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.782653"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, G. Theraulaz, Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195131581.001.0001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gu\u00e9rin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, G. Theraulaz, Routing in telecommunication networks with \u201cSmart\u201d ant-like agents, in: Proceedings of IATA\u201998, Second International Workshop on Intelligent Agents for Telecommunication Applications, Lectures Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1437, Springer, Berlin, 1998.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053944"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB4","unstructured":"E. Bonabeau, A. Sobkowski, G. Theraulaz, J.-L. Deneubourg, Adaptive task allocation inspired by a model of division of labor in social insects, in: D. Lundh, B. Olsson, A. Narayanan (Eds.), Biocomputation and Emergent Computing, World Scientific, Singapore, 1997, pp. 36\u201345."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0229","article-title":"Quantitative study of the fixed threshold model for the regulation of division of labour in insect societies","volume":"263","author":"Bonabeau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB6","unstructured":"O.H. Bruinsma, An analysis of building behaviour of the termite Macrotemes subhyalinus, Ph.D. Thesis, Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, Netherlands, 1979."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB7","unstructured":"B. Bullnheimer, R.F. Hartl, C. Strauss, An improved Ant System algorithm for the vehicle routing problem, Technical Report POM-10\/97, Institute of Management Science, University of Vienna, Austria, 1997, Ann. Oper. Res. 89 (1999)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB8","unstructured":"B. Bullnheimer, R.F. Hartl, C. Strauss, A new rank-based version of the Ant System: a computational study, Technical Report POM-03\/97, Institute of Management Science, University of Vienna, Austria, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Bullnheimer, R.F. Hartl, C. Strauss, Applying the Ant System to the vehicle routing problem, in: S. Vo\u00df, S. Martello, I.H. Osman, C. Roucairol (Eds.), Meta-heuristics: Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms for Optimization, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1999, pp. 285\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5775-3_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB10","first-page":"25","article-title":"A new rank-based version of the Ant System: a computational study","volume":"7","author":"Bullnheimer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Central Eur. J. Oper. Res. Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB11","unstructured":"L. Chr\u00e9tien, Organisation spatiale du mat\u00e9riel provenant de l\u2019excavation du nid chez Messor Barbarus et des cadavres d\u2019ouvri\u00e8res chez Lasius Niger, Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB12","first-page":"39","article-title":"Ant System for job-shop scheduling","volume":"34","author":"Colorni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Belgian J. Oper. Res. Statist. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600357","article-title":"Ants can colour graphs","volume":"48","author":"Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB14","unstructured":"M. den Besten, T. St\u00fctzle, M. Dorigo, Scheduling single machines by ants, Technical Report IRIDIA\/99-16, IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 1999."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02227166","article-title":"Application de l\u2019ordre par fluctuations \u00e0 la description de certaines \u00e9tapes de la construction du nid chez les termites","volume":"24","author":"Deneubourg","year":"1977","journal-title":"Insectes Sociaux"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01417909","article-title":"The self-organizing exploratory pattern of the Argentine ant","volume":"3","author":"Deneubourg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Insect Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.1989.9525500","article-title":"Collective patterns and decision making","volume":"1","author":"Deneubourg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ethol. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB18","unstructured":"J.-L. Deneubourg, S. Goss, N. Franks, A. Sendova-hanks, C. Detrain, L. Chr\u00e9tien, The dynamics of collective sorting: robot-like ants and ant-like robots, in: J.-A. Meyer, S.W. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats, MIT Press\/Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA, 1991, pp. 356\u2013363."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB19","first-page":"177","article-title":"Self-organization mechanisms in ant societies II: learning in foraging and division of labour","volume":"54","author":"Deneubourg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Experientia Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB20","unstructured":"G. Di Caro, M. Dorigo, AntNet: a mobile agents approach to adaptive routing, Technical Report IRIDIA\/97-12, IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.530","article-title":"AntNet: distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks","volume":"9","author":"Di Caro","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Artificial Intelligence Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB22","unstructured":"G. Di Caro, M. Dorigo, Extending AntNet for best-effort quality-of-service routing, in: ANTS\u201998 \u2014 From Ant Colonies to Artificial Ants: First International Workshop on Ant Colony Optimization, October 15\u201316, 1998, Unpublished presentation (http:\/\/iridia.ulb.ac.be\/ants98\/ants98.html)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB23","unstructured":"G. Di Caro, M. Dorigo, Two ant colony algorithms for best-effort routing in datagram networks, in: Proceedings of the 10th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS\u201998), IASTED\/ACTA Press, Anheim, 1998, pp. 541\u2013546."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB24","unstructured":"M. Dorigo, Optimization, learning and natural algorithms, Ph.D. Thesis, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, 1992 (in Italian)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Dorigo, G. Di Caro, The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic, in: D. Come, M. Dorigo, F. Glover (Eds.), New Ideas in Optimization, McGraw-Hill, London, UK, 1999, pp. 11\u201332.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.782657"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1162\/106454699568728","article-title":"Ant algorithms for discrete optimization","volume":"5","author":"Dorigo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Artificial Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-2647(97)01708-5","article-title":"Ant colonies for the traveling salesman problem","volume":"43","author":"Dorigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585892","article-title":"Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem","volume":"1","author":"Dorigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB29","unstructured":"M. Dorigo, V. Maniezzo, A. Colorni, Positive feedback as a search strategy, Technical Report 91-016, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, 1991."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436","article-title":"The ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents","volume":"26","author":"Dorigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB31","unstructured":"J.-H. Fabre, Souvenirs Entomologiques, Librairie Delagrave, Paris, 1925."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.M. Gambardella, M. Dorigo, Ant-Q: a reinforcement learning approach to the traveling salesman problem, in: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Machine Learning, ML-95, Morgan Kaufmann, Palo Alto, CA, 1995, pp. 252\u2013260.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-377-6.50039-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.M. Gambardella, M. Dorigo, Solving symmetric and asymmetric TSPs by ant colonies, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC\u201996, IEEE Press, New York, 1996, pp. 622\u2013627.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEC.1996.542672"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB34","unstructured":"L.M. Gambardella, M. Dorigo, HAS-SOP: an hybrid Ant System for the sequential ordering problem, Technical Report IDSIA-11-97, IDSIA, Lugano, Switzerland, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB35","unstructured":"L.M. Gambardella, \u00c8. Taillard, G. Agazzi, MACS-VRPTW: a multiple ant colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows, in: D. Corne, M. Dorigo, F. Glover (Eds.), New Ideas in Optimization, McGraw-Hill, London, UK, 1999, pp. 63\u201376."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB36","unstructured":"L.M. Gambardella, \u00c8.D. Taillard, M. Dorigo, Ant colonies for the QAP, Technical Report IDSIA-4-97, IDSIA, Lugano, Switzerland, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2600676","article-title":"Ant colonies for the quadratic assignment problem","volume":"50","author":"Gambardella","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00462870","article-title":"Self-organized shortcuts in the Argentine ant","volume":"76","author":"Goss","year":"1989","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02223791","article-title":"La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations interindividuelles chez bellicositermes natalensis et cubitermes sp. La th\u00e9orie de la stigmergie: essai d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation du comportement des termites constructeurs","volume":"6","author":"Grass\u00e9","year":"1959","journal-title":"Insectes Sociaux"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.J. Gutjahr, A Graph-based Ant System and its convergence, this issue, Future Generation Comput. Systems 16 (2000) 873\u2013888.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00044-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219525998000168","article-title":"Adaptive agent-driven routing and load balancing in communication networks","volume":"1","author":"Heusse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Complex Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. H\u00f6lldobler, E.O. Wilson, The Ants, Springer, Berlin, 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10306-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB43","unstructured":"B. H\u00f6lldobler, E.O. Wilson, Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.J.B. Krieger, J.-B. Billeter, The call of duty: self-organized task allocation in a population of up to twelve mobile robots, Robot. Autonomous Systems 30 (2000) 65\u201384.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(99)00065-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB45","unstructured":"P. Kuntz, P. Layzell, A new stochastic approach to find clusters in vertex set of large graphs with applications to partitioning in VLSI technology, Technical Report LIASC, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications de Bretagne, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB46","unstructured":"P. Kuntz, P. Layzell, D. Snyers, A colony of ant-like agents for partitioning in VLSI technology, in: P. Husbands, I. Harvey (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997, pp. 417\u2013424."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Kuntz, D. Snyers, New results on an ant-based heuristic for highlighting the organization of large graphs, in: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress or Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 1451\u20131458.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.782654"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Leguizam\u00f3n, Z. Michalewicz, A new version of Ant System for subset problems, in: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 1459\u20131464.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.782655"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB49","unstructured":"Y.-C. Liang, A.E. Smith, An Ant System approach to redundancy allocation, in: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 1478\u20131484."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1965.tb04146.x","article-title":"Computer solutions for the traveling salesman problem","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bell Systems J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB51","unstructured":"E. Lumer, B. Faieta, Diversity and adaptation in populations of clustering ants, in: J.-A. Meyer, S.W. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats, Vol. 3, MIT Press\/Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA, 1994, pp. 501\u2013508."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB52","unstructured":"M. Maeterlinck, The Life of the White Ant, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1927."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB53","unstructured":"V. Maniezzo, Exact and approximate nondeterministic tree-search procedures for the quadratic assignment problem, Technical Report CSR 98-1, Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universita di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Italy, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB54","unstructured":"V. Maniezzo, A. Carbonaro, An ANTS heuristic for the frequency assignment problem, Technical Report CSR 98-4, Scienze dell\u2019Informazione, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Italy, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Maniezzo, A. Carbonaro, An ANTS heuristic for the frequency assignment problem, Future Generation Comput. Systems, this issue.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00046-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Maniezzo, A. Colorni, The Ant System applied to the quadratic assignment problem, IEEE Trans. Knowledge Data Eng. 11 (5) (1999) 769\u2013778.","DOI":"10.1109\/69.806935"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB57","unstructured":"V. Maniezzo, A. Colorni, M. Dorigo, The Ant System applied to the quadratic assignment problem, Technical Report IRIDIA\/94-28, IRIDIA, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Michel, M. Middendorf, An island model based Ant System with lookahead for the shortest supersequence problem, in: A.E. Eiben, T. Back, M. Schoenauer, H.-P. Schwefel (Eds.), Proceedings of PPSN-V, Fifth International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1998, pp. 692\u2013701.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0056911"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB59","unstructured":"R. Michel, M. Middendorf, An ACO algorithm for the shortest supersequence problem, in: D. Come, M. Dorigo, F. Glover (Eds.), New Ideas in Optimization, McGraw-Hill, London, UK, 1999, pp. 51\u201361."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Mondada, E. Franzi, P. Ienne, Mobile robot miniaturization: a tool for investigation in control algorithms, in: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Simulation on Experimental Robotics (ISER\u201993), 1993, pp. 501\u2013513.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0027617"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Navarro Varela, M.C. Sinclair, Ant colony optimisation for virtual-wavelength-path routing and wavelength allocation, in: Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1999, pp. 1809\u20131816.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.1999.785494"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1086\/283061","article-title":"Modeling social insect populations. Part I: Ergonomics of foraging and population growth in bumblebees","volume":"110","author":"Oster","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB63","unstructured":"G.F. Oster, E.O. Wilson, Caste and Ecology in the Social Insects, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1978."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB64","unstructured":"R.C. Plowright, C.M.S. Plowright, Elitism in social insects: a positive feedback model, in: R.L. Jeanne (Ed.), Interindividual Behavior Variability in Social Insects, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB65","unstructured":"H. Ramalhinho Louren\u00e7o, D. Serra, Adaptive approach heuristics for the generalized assignment problem, Technical Report EWP Series No. 304, Department of Economics and Management, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00611934","article-title":"Modulation of alarm pheromone perception in the honey bee: evidence for division of labour based on hormonally regulated response thresholds","volume":"160","author":"Robinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Comput. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.37.010192.003225","article-title":"Regulation of division of labor in insect societies","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Schoonderwoerd, O. Holland, J. Bruten, Ant-like agents for load balancing in telecommunications networks, in: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM, New York, 1997, pp. 209\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1145\/267658.267718"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/105971239700500203","article-title":"Ant-based load balancing in telecommunications networks","volume":"5","author":"Schoonderwoerd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adaptive Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299306","article-title":"Adaptive significance of the age polyethism schedule in honey bee colonies","volume":"11","author":"Seeley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB71","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, An ant approach to the flow shop problem, Technical Report AIDA-97-07, FG Intellektik, FB Informatik, TH Darmstadt, September 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB72","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, Local search algorithms for combinatorial problems: analysis, improvements, and new applications, Ph.D. Thesis, Fachbereich Informatik, TU Darmstadt, Germany, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB73","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, M. Dorigo, ACO Algorithms for the Traveling Salesman Problem, in: P. Neittaanm\u00e4ki, J. Periaux, K. Miettinen, M.M. M\u00e4kel\u00e4 (Eds.), Evolutionary Algorithms in Engineering and Computer Science, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1999, pp. 163\u2013183."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB74","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, H. Hoos, MAX-MIN Ant System for the quadratic assignment problem, Technical Report AIDA-97-4, FG Intellektik, TH Darmstadt, July 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, H. Hoos, The MAX-MIN Ant System and local search for the traveling salesman problem, in: T. B\u00e4ck, Z. Michalewicz, X. Yao (Eds.), Proceedings of IEEE-ICEC-EPS\u201997, IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation and Evolutionary Programming Conference, IEEE Press, New York, 1997, pp. 309\u2013314.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEC.1997.592327"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, H. Hoos, Improvements on the Ant System: introducing MAX-MIN Ant System, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Springer, Vienna, 1998, pp. 245\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6492-1_54"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, H. Hoos, MAX-MIN Ant System and local search for combinatorial optimization problems, in: S. Vo\u00df, S. Martello, I.H. Osman, C. Roucairol (Eds.), Meta-heuristics: Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms for Optimization, Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA, 1999, pp. 313\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5775-3_22"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB78","unstructured":"T. St\u00fctzle, H. Hoos, MAX-MIN Ant System, Future Generation Comput. Systems, this issue."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB79","unstructured":"D. Subramanian, P. Druschel, J. Chen, Ants and reinforcement learning: a case study in routing in dynamic networks, in: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, Palo Alto, CA, 1997, pp. 832\u2013838."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1162\/106454699568700","article-title":"A brief history of stigmergy","volume":"5","author":"Theraulaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Artificial Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0299","article-title":"Threshold reinforcement and the regulation of division of labour in insect societies","volume":"265","author":"Theraulaz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Theravlaz, E. Bonabeav, J.-L. Denevbourg, The mechanisms and rules of coordinated building in social insects, in: C. Detrain, J.-L. Deneubourg, J.M. Pasteels (Eds.), Information Processing in social Insects, Birkh\u00e4user Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1999, pp. 309\u2013330.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8739-7_17"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB83","unstructured":"G. Theraulaz, S. Goss, J. Gervet, J.-L. Deneubourg, Task differentiation in Polistes wasp colonies: a model for self-organizing groups of robots, in: J.-A. Meyer, S.W. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From Animals to Animats, MIT Press\/Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA, 1991, pp. 346\u2013355."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB84","unstructured":"R. van der Put, Routing in the fax factory using mobile agents, Technical Report R&D-SV-98-276, KPN Research, The Netherlands, 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB85","unstructured":"R. van der Put, L. Rothkrantz, Routing in packet switched networks using agents, Simulation Practice and Theory (1999), in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Wagner, Lindenbaum, F. Bruckstein, ANTS: Agents on Networks, Trees, and Subgraphs, this issue, Future Generation Computer Systems 16 (2000) 915\u2013926.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00045-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB87","unstructured":"B. Werber, Les fourmis, Albin Michel, 1991 (Engl. Trans., Empire of the Ants, Bantam Books, New York, 1996)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB88","unstructured":"T. White, B. Pagurek, F. Oppacher, Connection management using adaptive mobile agents, in: H.R. Arabnia (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA \u201998), CSREA Press, 1998, pp. 802\u2013809."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB89","unstructured":"E.O. Wilson, Sociobiology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1975."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00042-X_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293108","article-title":"The relation between caste ratios and division of labour in the ant Genus Pheidole (hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."}],"container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X0000042X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X0000042X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T16:57:15Z","timestamp":1733504235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X0000042X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167739X0000042X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-739x(00)00042-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-739X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}