{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T15:18:23Z","timestamp":1774797503132,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,3]],"date-time":"2002-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":945,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-739x(99)00009-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T22:32:32Z","timestamp":1027636352000},"page":"559-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Charlotte: Metacomputing on the Web"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Baratloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Karaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.M.","family":"Kedem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Wijckoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z.M. Kedem, K. Palem, P. Spirakis, Efficient robust parallel computations, in: Proc. 22nd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1990.","DOI":"10.1145\/100216.100231"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z.M. Kedem, K. Palem, M. Rabin, A. Raghunathan, Efficient program transformations for resilient parallel computation via randomization, in: Proc. 24th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1992.","DOI":"10.1145\/129712.129742"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB3","unstructured":"Y. Aumann, Z.M. Kedem, K. Palem, M. Rabin, Highly efficient asynchronous execution of large-grained parallel programs, in: Proc. 34th IEEE Annual Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB4","unstructured":"Z.M. Kedeni, K. Palem, Transformations for the automatic derivation of resilient parallel programs, in: Proc. IEEE Workshop on Fault-Tolerant Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB5","unstructured":"P. Dasgujta, Z.M. Kedem, M. Rabin, Parallel processing on networks of workstations: a fault-tolerant, high performance approach, in: Proc. 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB6","unstructured":"A. Baratloo, P. Dasgupta, Z.M. Kedem, Calypso: a novel software system for fault-tolerant parallel processing on distributed platforms, in: Proc. IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB7","unstructured":"D. Mosberger, Memory Consistency Models, Technical Report TR92\/11, University of Arizona, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Geist, A. Beguelin, J. Dongarra, W. Jiang, R. Manchek, V. Sunderam, PVM: parallel virtual machine, MIT Press, Cambridge. MA, 1994.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5712.001.0001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB9","unstructured":"W. Gropp, E. Lust, A. Skjellum, Using MPI: portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface, MIT Press, Cambridge. MA, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB10","unstructured":"N. Carriero, D. Qelernter, How to write parallel programs, MIT Press, Cambridge. MA, 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.F. Hummel, E. Schonberg, L.E. Flynn, Factoring a method for scheduling parallel loops, Communications of the ACM, 1992.","DOI":"10.1145\/135226.135232"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB12","unstructured":"A. Baratloo, Why not now? New York University, April 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB13","unstructured":"A. Baratloo, M. Karaul, Z.M. Kedem, P. Wyckoff, Charlotte: metacomputing on the Web, in: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Karl, Bridging the gap between distributed shared memory and message passing, in: Proc. ACM Workshop on Java for High-Performanace Network Computing, 1998.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9128(199809\/11)10:11\/13<887::AID-CPE416>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Baratloo, M. Karaul, H. Karl, Z.M. Kedem, An infrastructure for network computing with Java applets, in: Proc. ACM Workshop on Java for High-Performanace Network Computing, 1998.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9128(199809\/11)10:11\/13<1029::AID-CPE412>3.3.CO;2-L"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB16","unstructured":"N. Biggs, Interaction models: course given at Royal Hollaway College, University of London, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB17","unstructured":"A. Kleine, The TYA just in time compiler, http:\/\/www.dragonl.net\/software\/tya"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB18","unstructured":"J.E. Baldeschwieler, R.D. Blumofe, E.A. Brewer, ATLAS: an infrastructure for global computing, in: Proc. 7th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop: Systems Support for World-wide Applications, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Philippsen, M. Zenger, JavaParty \u2013 transparent remote objects in Java, in: Proc. ACM 1997 PPoPP Workshop on Java for Science and Engineering Computation, 1997.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9128(199711)9:11<1225::AID-CPE332>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Brecht, H. Sandhu, M. Shan, J. Talbot, ParaWeb: towards world-wide supercomputing, in: Proc. 7th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, 1996.","DOI":"10.1145\/504479.504484"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Takagi, S. Matsuoka, H. Nakada, S. Sekiguchi, M. Satoh, U. Nagashima, NinFlet: a migratable parallel objects framework using Java, in: Proc. ACM 1998 Workshop on Java for High-Performance Network Computing, 1998.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9128(199809\/11)10:11\/13<1063::AID-CPE414>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB22","unstructured":"A. Ferrari, JPVM \u2013 The Java Parallel Virtual Machine, http:\/\/www.cs.virginia.edu\/ajf2j\/jpvm.htnil"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB23","unstructured":"S. Taylor, Prototype Java-MPI package, Available at http:\/\/cisr.anu.edu.au\/sam\/java\/jav_mpi_prototype.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Cappello, B. Christiansen, M.F. Ionescu, M.O. Neary, K.E. Schauser, D. Wu, Javelin: Internet-based parallel computing using Java, Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 1997.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9128(199711)9:11<1139::AID-CPE349>3.3.CO;2-B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Sarmenta, Web-based volunteer computing using java, in: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on World-wide Computing and its Applications, 1998.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-64216-1_67"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6_BIB26","unstructured":"S. Hirano, Horb: distributed execution of Java programs, world-wide computing and its applications, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1997."}],"container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X99000096?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X99000096?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T03:30:49Z","timestamp":1759116649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X99000096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167739X99000096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-739x(99)00009-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-739X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Charlotte: Metacomputing on the Web","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Future Generation Computer Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-739X(99)00009-6","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}