{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:05:49Z","timestamp":1771261549187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8655(01)00075-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T16:38:08Z","timestamp":1027615088000},"page":"1299-1309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Hidden Markov models for online classification of single trial EEG data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Obermaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C","family":"Guger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C","family":"Neuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G","family":"Pfurtscheller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1109\/10.661153","article-title":"Multivariate autoregressive models for classification of spontaneous electroencephalogram during mental tasks","volume":"45","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB2","first-page":"99","article-title":"On a measure of divergence between two statistical populations defined by their probability distribution","volume":"35","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1943","journal-title":"Bull. Calcutta Math. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/18581","article-title":"A spelling device for the paralysed","volume":"398","author":"Birbaumer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB4","series-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"Bishop","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB5","series-title":"Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals","author":"Deller","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc., Ser. B (Methodological)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB7","series-title":"Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition","author":"Fukunaga","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guger, C., Ramoser, H., Pfurtscheller, G., 2000a. Real-time EEG Analysis with subject-specific spatial patterns for a brain\u2013computer interface (BCI). IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 447\u2013456","DOI":"10.1109\/86.895947"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guger, C., Schl\u00f6gl, A., Neuper, C., Walterspacher, D., Strein, T., Pfurtscheller, G., 2000b. Rapid prototyping of an EEG-based brain\u2013computer interface (BCI). IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 49\u201358","DOI":"10.1109\/7333.918276"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haselsteiner, E., Pfurtscheller, G., 2000. Using time dependent neural networks for EEG classification. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 457\u2013463","DOI":"10.1109\/86.895948"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(70)90143-4","article-title":"EEG analysis based on time domain properties","volume":"29","author":"Hjorth","year":"1970","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02520010","article-title":"Graz brain\u2013computer interface II: towards communication between humans and computers based on online classification of three different EEG patterns","volume":"34","author":"Kalcher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00570-9","article-title":"Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in completely paralyzed human patients","volume":"252","author":"Kuebler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200585","article-title":"Design and operation of an EEG-based brain\u2013computer interface with digital signal processing technology","volume":"29","author":"McFarland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Meth., Instr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB15","unstructured":"Neuper, C., Pfurtscheller, G., 1999. Motor imagery and ERD. In: Pfurtscheller, G., Lopes da Silva, F.H. (Eds.), Event-Related Desynchronization. Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (Revised Edition) Vol. 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 303\u2013325"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199907000-00010","article-title":"Enhancement of left\u2013right sensorimotor EEG differences during feedback-regulated motor imagery","volume":"16","author":"Neuper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.1999.44.6.158","article-title":"Hidden Markov models used for the offline classification of EEG data","volume":"44","author":"Obermaier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomed. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB18","unstructured":"Obermaier, B., Guger, C., Pfurtscheller, G., 2000. Online classification of single trial EEG data using hidden Markov models. In: Proc. RECPAD2000, Portuguese Association for Pattern Recognition, pp. 251\u2013255"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB19","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller, G., 1998. EEG event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS). In: Niedermeyer, E., Lopes da Silva, F.H. (Eds.), Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications and Related Fields, fourth ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 958\u2013967"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB20","first-page":"1","article-title":"EEG-based discrimination between imagination of right and left hand movement","volume":"103","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00452-8","article-title":"Visually guided motor imagery activates sensorimotor areas in humans","volume":"269","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1109\/86.712230","article-title":"Separability of EEG signals recorded during right and left motor imagery using adaptive autoregressive parameters","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)00071-9","article-title":"Automated feature selection with a distinction sensitive learning vector quantizer","volume":"11","author":"Pregenzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB24","series-title":"Fundamentals of Speech Recognition","author":"Rabiner","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramoser, H., M\u00fcller-Gerking, J., Pfurtscheller, G., 1999. Optimal spatial filtering of single trial EEG during imagined hand movement. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 441\u2013446","DOI":"10.1109\/86.895946"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.1997.42.6.162","article-title":"Adaptive autoregressive modelling used for single-trial EEG classification","volume":"42","author":"Schloegl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomed. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00075-7_BIB27","unstructured":"Schloegl, A., Neuper, C., Pfurtscheller, G., 1997b. Subject-specific EEG patterns during motor imagery. In: Proc. 19th Internat. Conf. on IEEE\/EMBS, pp. 1530\u20131532"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865501000757?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865501000757?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1733324542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167865501000757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167865501000757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-8655(01)00075-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8655","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}}}