{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:40:22Z","timestamp":1773117622377,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8655(03)00167-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,8]],"date-time":"2003-08-08T02:10:42Z","timestamp":1060308642000},"page":"3079-3087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Regularized discriminant analysis for the small sample size problem in face recognition"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Juwei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.N","family":"Plataniotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.N","family":"Venetsanopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228","article-title":"Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection","volume":"19","author":"Belhumeur","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1006\/ciun.1994.1017","article-title":"Human face recognition and the face image set\u2019s topology","volume":"59","author":"Bichsel","year":"1994","journal-title":"CVGIP: Image Understanding"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1109\/5.381842","article-title":"Human and machine recognition of faces: A survey","volume":"83","author":"Chellappa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00139-9","article-title":"A new LDA-based face recognition system which can solve the small sample size problem","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","article-title":"The use of multiple measures in taxonomic problems","volume":"7","author":"Fisher","year":"1936","journal-title":"Ann. Eugenics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2307\/2289860","article-title":"Regularized discriminant analysis","volume":"84","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Amer. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB7","series-title":"Dynamic Vision From Images to Face Recognition","author":"Gong","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176324456","article-title":"Penalized discriminant analysis","volume":"23","author":"Hastie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Statist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(91)90074-F","article-title":"Optimal discriminant plane for a small number of samples and design method of classifier on the plane","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(71)90013-6","article-title":"On dimensionality and sample size in statistical pattern classification","volume":"3","author":"Kanal","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.999679","article-title":"Gabor feature based classification using the enhanced Fisher linear discriminant model for face recognition","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.806647","article-title":"Face recognition using LDA based algorithms","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB13","series-title":"Discriminant Analysis and Statistical Pattern Recognition","author":"McLachlan","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(94)00100-H","article-title":"Shrinkage parameter for the modified linear discriminant analysis","volume":"16","author":"Mkhadri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X","article-title":"The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face recognition algorithms","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Image Vision Comput. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879790","article-title":"The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms","volume":"22","author":"Phillips","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/34.75512","article-title":"Small sample size effects in statistical pattern recognition: Recommendations for practitioners","volume":"13","author":"Raudys","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90007-6","article-title":"Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions: A survey","volume":"25","author":"Samal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1109\/36.312897","article-title":"The effect of unlabeled samples in reducing the small sample size problem and mitigating the hughes phenomenon","volume":"32","author":"Shahshahani","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7973916","article-title":"Image classification by the foley-sammon transform","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB21","first-page":"1586","article-title":"A random walk through eigenspace","volume":"E84-D","author":"Turk","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","article-title":"Eigenfaces for recognition","volume":"3","author":"Turk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90006-X","article-title":"Connectionist models of face processing: A survey","volume":"27","author":"Valentin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2307\/2529362","article-title":"Discriminant functions when covariance are unequal and sample sizes are moderate","volume":"33","author":"Wald","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00162-X","article-title":"A direct lda algorithm for high-dimensional data with application to face recognition","volume":"34","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB26","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, J., 1999. Subspace linear discriminant analysis for face recognition. Technical Report, CS-TR4009, University of Maryland"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00167-3_BIB27","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Rosenfeld, A., Phillips, P., 2000. Face recognition: A literature survey. Technical Report, CFAR-TR00-948, University of Maryland"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865503001673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167865503001673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T21:24:01Z","timestamp":1552598641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167865503001673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167865503001673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0167-8655(03)00167-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8655","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}}}