{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T15:37:48Z","timestamp":1759073868159},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]],"date-time":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":844128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Data & Knowledge Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-023x(96)00003-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,12]],"date-time":"2003-05-12T23:10:20Z","timestamp":1052781020000},"page":"227-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A hierarchical model learning approach for refining and managing concept clusters discovered from databases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Setsuo","family":"Ohsuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80003-2","article-title":"PRISM: An algorithm for inducing modular rules","volume":"27","author":"Cendrowska","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116835","article-title":"The CN2 induction algorithm","author":"Clark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/69.204089","article-title":"Data-driven discovery of quantitative rules in relational databases","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Engrg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550070707","article-title":"Problems for knowledge discovery in databases and their treatment in the statistics interpreter explora","volume":"7","author":"Klosgen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB5","series-title":"Elements of Discrete Mathematics","author":"Liu","year":"1977"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cancer diagnosis via linear programming","volume":"23","author":"Mangasarian","year":"1990","journal-title":"SIAM News"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1109\/69.250073","article-title":"Systems for knowledge discovery in databases","volume":"5","author":"Matheus","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Engrg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB8","series-title":"Proc. 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"1041","article-title":"The multipurpose incremental learning system AQ15 and its testing application to three medical domains","author":"Michalski","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01006415","article-title":"Mining for knowledge in databases: The INLEN architecture, initial implementation and first results","volume":"1","author":"Michalski","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Intelligent Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB10","volume":"Vols. 1\u20133","author":"Michalski","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00114778","article-title":"The use of background knowledge in decision tree induction","volume":"6","author":"Nunez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"Nos. 1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5109\/13363","article-title":"A consideration to knowledge representation \u2014 an information theoretic view","volume":"21","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bulletin of Informatics and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(89)90039-0","article-title":"Toward intelligent CAD systems","volume":"21","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1989","journal-title":"Computer Aided Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB14","series-title":"Data Bases and Knowledge Bases","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1989"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-7051(90)90097-2","article-title":"Framework of knowledge based systems \u2014 multiple meta-level architecture for representing problems and problem solving processes","volume":"3","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1990","journal-title":"Knowledge Based Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-7051(93)90008-H","article-title":"How can knowledge based systems solve large scale problems?: Model based decomposition and problem solving","volume":"6","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Knowledge Based Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037079","article-title":"Multi-layer logic \u2014 A predicate logic including data structure as knowledge representation language","volume":"3","author":"Ohsuga","year":"1985","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550070708","article-title":"Knowledge discovery workbench for exploring business databases","volume":"7","author":"Piatetsky-Shapiro","year":"1992","journal-title":"Inter. J. Intell. Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB19","series-title":"Knowledge Discovery in Databases","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116251","article-title":"Induction of decision trees","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB21","series-title":"Proc. 10th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"304","article-title":"Generating production rules from examples","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB22","series-title":"Readings in Machine Learning","year":"1990"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1109\/69.149926","article-title":"An information theoretic approach to rule induction from databases","volume":"4","author":"Smyth","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Engrg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB24","series-title":"Knowing and Guessing \u2014 A Quantitative Study of Inference and Information","author":"Watanabe","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB25","series-title":"Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Expert Systems and Their Applications","article-title":"KAUS as a tool for model building and evaluation","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1985"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-023X(90)90003-V","article-title":"Loose coupling of KAUS with existing RDBMs","volume":"5","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Data & Knowledge Engrg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB27","series-title":"Proc. 13th Int. CODATA Conference entitled \u201cNew Data Challenges in Our Information Age\u201d","first-page":"A20","article-title":"GLS \u2014 A methodology for discovering knowledge from databases","author":"Zhong","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB28","series-title":"Proc. 5th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (TAI '93)","first-page":"418","article-title":"HML \u2014 An approach for refining\/managing knowledge discovered from databases","author":"Zhong","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-023X(94)90015-9","article-title":"Discovering concept clusters by decomposing databases","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Data & Knowledge Engrg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB30","first-page":"233","article-title":"The GLS discovery system: Its goal, architecture and current results","volume":"869","author":"Zhong","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB31","series-title":"Proc. 28th Hawaii Int. Conf. on Sys. Sciences (HICSS-28)","article-title":"Managing\/refining structural characteristics discovered from databases","volume":"3","author":"Zhong","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01928538","article-title":"KOSI \u2014 An integrated discovery system for discovering functional relations from databases","volume":"5","author":"Zhong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Intelligent Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB33","series-title":"Proc. First Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-95)","first-page":"337","article-title":"Toward a multi-strategy and cooperative discovery system","author":"Zhong","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB34","unstructured":"N. Zhong and S. Ohsuga, From Conceptual Hierarchicl MOdels to More High-Level Knowledge (draft)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-023X(96)00003-1_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01066546","article-title":"Database exploration in search of regularities","volume":"2","author":"Zytkow","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. of Intell. Infor. Systems"}],"container-title":["Data & Knowledge Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169023X96000031?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169023X96000031?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T09:45:00Z","timestamp":1620467100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169023X96000031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0169023X96000031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0169-023x(96)00003-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-023X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-023X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}}}