{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1779362206758,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-2607(03)00082-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,22]],"date-time":"2003-07-22T20:46:14Z","timestamp":1058906774000},"page":"109-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A novel mathematical method based on urea kinetic modeling for computing the dialysis dose"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Prado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Roa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Mil\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.160","article-title":"A mechanistic analysis of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS)","volume":"28","author":"Gotch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102526","article-title":"Artificial kidney function: kinetics of hemodialysis","volume":"30","author":"Wolf","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB3","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Quantitative description of dialysis treatment: a dialysis index","volume":"7","author":"Babb","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Individualized quantified dialysis therapy of uremia","volume":"6","author":"Gotch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dial. Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB5","first-page":"S1","article-title":"History and organization of the national cooperative dialysis study","volume":"13","author":"Lowrie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"Suppl. 13","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB6","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Control of dialysis by a single-pool urea model: the national cooperative dialysis study","volume":"23","author":"Sargent","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB7","first-page":"S113","article-title":"Principles of prescribing dialysis therapy: implementing recommendations from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study","volume":"13","author":"Lowrie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB8","first-page":"411","article-title":"The post: pre-dialysis plasma urea nitrogen ratio to estimate Kt\/V and NPCR: mathematical modeling","volume":"12","author":"Daugirdas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-198907000-00109","article-title":"Post to predialysis plasma urea nitrogen ratio, ultrafiltration and weight to estimate Kt\/V. Use in auditing the amount of dialysis being administered","volume":"35","author":"Manahan","year":"1989","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-198907000-00052","article-title":"Bedside formulas for Kt\/V. A kinder, gentler approach to urea kinetic modeling","volume":"35","author":"Daugirdas","year":"1989","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V451205","article-title":"Second generation logarithmic estimates of single-pool variable volume Kt\/V: an analysis of error","volume":"4","author":"Daugirdas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB12","first-page":"60","article-title":"Comparison of two methods of kinetic modeling","volume":"30","author":"Ellis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB13","first-page":"233","article-title":"A comparative approach to models of urea kinetics in hemodialysis treatment","volume":"9","author":"Fellay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephrologie"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/039139888901201008","article-title":"Scant reliability of Co\/Ct ratio in urea kinetic formulas","volume":"12","author":"Alloatti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-198907000-00049","article-title":"Transcellular disequilibrium and intradialytic catabolism reduce the reliability of urea kinetic formulas","volume":"35","author":"Alloatti","year":"1989","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1988.255","article-title":"Causes, kinetics and clinical implications of post-hemodialysis urea rebound","volume":"34","author":"Pedrini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M573","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199339030-00079","article-title":"A regional blood circulation alternative to in-series two compartment urea kinetic modeling","volume":"39","author":"Schneditz","year":"1993","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M667","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199407000-00082","article-title":"Formal analytical solution to a regional blood flow and diffusion based urea kinetic model","volume":"40","author":"Schneditz","year":"1994","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M719","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199507000-00107","article-title":"Overestimation of hemodialysis dose depends on dialysis efficiency by regional blood flow but not by conventional two pool urea kinetic analysis","volume":"41","author":"Daugirdas","year":"1995","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V651360","article-title":"Is intercompartmental urea clearance during hemodialysis a perfusion term? A comparison of two pool urea kinetic models","volume":"16","author":"Schneditz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB21","first-page":"197","article-title":"Normalised cellular clearance of creatinine, urea and phosphate","volume":"67","author":"Heaf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00942.x","article-title":"Accuracy of hemodialysis modeling","volume":"57","author":"Zi\u00f3lko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"Suppl. 76","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.07604.x","article-title":"Urea as a marker of adequacy in hemodialysis: Lesson from in vivo urea dynamics monitoring","volume":"58","author":"Canaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M194","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199207000-00018","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary recirculation in dialysis. An underrecognized phenomenon","volume":"38","author":"Schneditz","year":"1992","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70368-2","article-title":"Shortfalls in the delivery of dialysis","volume":"15","author":"Sargent","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199743040-00008","article-title":"Increased urea kinetic modeling volume. Possible mechanisms and its significance","volume":"43","author":"Besarab","year":"1997","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB27","first-page":"232","article-title":"Dialysate urea modeling: a more precise method (abstract)","volume":"11","author":"Depner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Abstr. Int. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.199","article-title":"Assessing adequacy of hemodialysis: urea modeling","volume":"45","author":"Depner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/13\/1\/005","article-title":"Paediatric haemodialysis: estimation of treatment efficiency in the presence of urea rebound","volume":"13","author":"Smye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Phis. Phyiol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000187883","article-title":"Estimation of treatment dose in high-efficiency haemodialysis","volume":"67","author":"Smye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000046955","article-title":"Using artificial intelligence to predict the equilibrated postdialysis blood urea concentration","volume":"19","author":"Fernandez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.9.1814","article-title":"Measurement of blood urea concentration during haemodialysis is not an accurate method to determine equilibrated post-dialysis urea concentration","volume":"16","author":"Castro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050632","article-title":"Comparison of two methods for predicting equilibrated Kt\/V (eKt\/V) using true eKt\/V value","volume":"13","author":"Marsenic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000044902","article-title":"Urea reduction ratio considering urea rebound","volume":"78","author":"Maduell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-4449(12)80027-6","article-title":"Current standards for dialysis adequacy","volume":"2","author":"Keen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Ren. Replace. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70272-6","article-title":"Lessons from the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study: an improved measure of the actual hemodialysis dose","volume":"33","author":"Depner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000014450","article-title":"The normalized treatment ratio (Kt\/V) is not the best dialysis dose parameter","volume":"18","author":"Lowrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB38","series-title":"Handbook of Dialysis","author":"Daugirdas","year":"2001"},{"issue":"Suppl. 76","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.07602.x","article-title":"Whither goest Kt\/V","volume":"58","author":"Gotch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3 Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB40","first-page":"S15","article-title":"NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis adequacy","volume":"30","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-4449(99)70001-4","article-title":"An overview of the National Kidney Foundation\u2014dialysis outcomes quality initiative implementation","volume":"6","author":"Eknoyan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Ren. Replace. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000186592","article-title":"Accuracy of hemodialysis urea kinetic modeling. Comparison of different models","volume":"59","author":"Buur","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB43","first-page":"242","article-title":"Thoughts about judging dialysis treatment: mathematics and measurements, mirrors in the mind","volume":"16","author":"Lowrie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"issue":"6 Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(98)70158-1","article-title":"Primary associates of mortality among dialysis patients: trends and reassessment of Kt\/V and urea reduction ratio as outcome-based measures of dialysis dose","volume":"32","author":"Lowrie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027058","article-title":"Simpified approaches to calculate Kt\/V. It's time for agreement","volume":"11","author":"Movilli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.351","article-title":"Accuracy of urea removal estimated by kinetic models","volume":"48","author":"Bankhead","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.24.3.234","article-title":"Relationship between total body water and surface area in normal and obese subjects","volume":"24","author":"Hume","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.1.27","article-title":"Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements","volume":"33","author":"Watson","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.216","article-title":"Development of a population-specific regression equation to estimate total body water in hemodialysis patients","volume":"51","author":"Chertow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB50","first-page":"499","article-title":"Modeling urea kinetics with two vs. three BUN measurements","volume":"135","author":"Depner","year":"1989","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1978.154","article-title":"Nitrogen balance during intermittent dialysis therapy of uremia","volume":"14","author":"Borah","year":"1978","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70226-3","article-title":"The determination of hemodialysis blood recirculation using blood urea nitrogen measurements","volume":"20","author":"Hester","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"8476","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889401700603","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of different methods to estimate urea distribution volume and generation rate","volume":"17","author":"Cappello","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3138","article-title":"Urea kinetic modeling\u2014are any of the \u2018bedside\u2019 Kt\/V formulae reliable enough","volume":"13","author":"Covic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9531180","article-title":"Prediction of equilibrated postdialysis BUN by an artificial neural network in high-efficiency hemodialysis","volume":"31","author":"Guh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M759","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199709000-00086","article-title":"Blood urea levels 30 minutes before the end of dialysis are equivalent to equilibrated blood urea","volume":"43","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"1997","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(96)00029-X","article-title":"Estimation of parameters in a two-pool urea kinetic model for hemodialysis","volume":"19","author":"Burgelman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(03)00082-8_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.173","article-title":"Effect of a two compartment distribution on apparent urea distribution volume","volume":"51","author":"Daugirdas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."}],"container-title":["Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169260703000828?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169260703000828?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T21:40:02Z","timestamp":1623188402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169260703000828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0169260703000828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0169-2607(03)00082-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-2607","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}}}