{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:40:28Z","timestamp":1761007228339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6195,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the response of middle ear tissue to establish the lowest dose of lipopolysaccharide to induce mucin production in a rat otitis media model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats' eustachian tubes were obstructed before transtympanic inoculation of the bulla tympanica with 35 \u03bcL of Krebs Ringer or 1, 10, 100, or 1000 \u03bcg\/mL lipopolysaccharide. After 7\u00a0days the effusion and a lavage were collected for mucin ELISA measurement, and tissue was collected for histologic evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucin secretion was significantly increased in the 100 \u03bcg\/mL 51.20 \u00b1 13.6 \u03bcg\/mL (SE) and 1000 \u03bcg\/mL 69.42 \u00b1 8.57 \u03bcg\/mL groups when compared with the Krebs Ringer control group 1.84 \u00b1 0.28 \u03bcg\/mL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Histologic evaluation shows goblet cell metaplasia and hyperplasia in the middle ear epithelium in the 1000 and 100 \u03bcg\/mL groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The histology and ELISA results suggest that a middle ear effusion is generated with a dose of lipopolysaccharide as low as 100 \u03bcg\/mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/s0194-5998(99)70331-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,3]],"date-time":"2005-11-03T08:37:29Z","timestamp":1131007049000},"page":"884-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mucin Production in the Middle Ear in Response to Lipopolysaccharides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Shannon E.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of North Carolina School of Medicine 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