{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:33:10Z","timestamp":1774945990210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0262-8856(97)00070-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T15:07:21Z","timestamp":1027609641000},"page":"295-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1831,"title":["The FERET database and evaluation procedure for face-recognition algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"P.Jonathon","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Rauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB1","series-title":"DARPA Image Understanding Workshop","first-page":"177","article-title":"Creating benchmarking problems in machine vision: scientific challenge problems","author":"Firschein","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(86)90082-4","article-title":"Computer vision theory: the lack of thereof","volume":"36","author":"Haralick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/1049-9660(91)90009-E","article-title":"Ignorance, myopia, and naivete in computer vision systems","volume":"53","author":"Jain","year":"1991","journal-title":"CVGIP: Image Understanding"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(92)90072-8","article-title":"Why progress in machine vision is so low","volume":"13","author":"Pavlidis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(86)90083-6","article-title":"Anything you can do, I can do better (no you can't)","volume":"36","author":"Price","year":"1986","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB6","series-title":"12th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition","first-page":"B:29","article-title":"UNIPEN project of on-line data exchange and recognizer benchmarks","author":"Guyon","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB7","first-page":"143","article-title":"Comparison of edge detectors: A methodology and initial study","volume":"96","author":"Heath","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1109\/34.506791","article-title":"An experimental comparison of range image segementation algorithms","volume":"18","author":"Hoover","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. PAMI"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(94)90014-0","article-title":"Testing face recognition systems","volume":"12","author":"Robertson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB10","article-title":"FERET (face recognition technology) recognition algorithm development and test report","author":"Phillips","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB11","series-title":"25th AIPR Workshop: Emerging Applications of Computer Vision","first-page":"253","article-title":"Face recognition technology program overview and results","author":"Rauss","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB12","series-title":"Proc. SPIE Conference on Automatic Systems for the Identification and Inspection of Humans","first-page":"12","article-title":"Face recognition using view-based and modular eigenspaces","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB13","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"122","article-title":"Maximum likelihood detection of faces and hands","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB14","first-page":"84","article-title":"View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition","volume":"94","author":"Pentland","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","article-title":"Eigenfaces for recognition","volume":"3","author":"Turk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1993.5.1.45","article-title":"Convergent algorithm for sensory receptive field development","volume":"5","author":"Atick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/7\/3\/002","article-title":"Local feature analysis: a general statistical theory for object representation","volume":"7","author":"Penev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Network: Computation in Neural Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1993.5.2.289","article-title":"Redundancy reduction as a strategy for unsupervised learning","volume":"5","author":"Redlich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1109\/12.210173","article-title":"Distortion invariant object recognition in the dynamic link architecture","volume":"42","author":"Lades","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB20","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"248","article-title":"Single-view based recognition of faces rotated in depth","author":"Maurer","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB21","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"92","article-title":"Face recognition and gender determination","author":"Wiskott","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB22","first-page":"209","article-title":"Feature-based face recognition using mixture-distance","volume":"96","author":"Cox","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB23","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"47","article-title":"Face recognition from frontal and profile views","author":"Gordon","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB24","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"227","article-title":"Benchmark studies on face recognition","author":"Gutta","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB25","first-page":"638","article-title":"Bayesian face recognition using deformable intensity surfaces","volume":"96","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB26","series-title":"International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"65","article-title":"Data driven methods in face recognition","author":"Phillips","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB27","article-title":"Representation and Registration in Face Recognition and Medical Imaging","author":"Phillips","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB28","series-title":"2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"192","article-title":"Discriminant analysis and eigenspace partition tree for face and object recognition from views","author":"Swets","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB29","series-title":"2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","first-page":"182","article-title":"Comparison of visible and infrared imagery for face recognition","author":"Wilder","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X_BIB30","first-page":"137","article-title":"The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms","volume":"97","author":"Phillips","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026288569700070X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026288569700070X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1556375282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026288569700070X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S026288569700070X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0262-8856(97)00070-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0262-8856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0262-8856","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}}}