{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:09:50Z","timestamp":1769170190844,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]],"date-time":"1998-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0262-8856(98)00072-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T19:22:38Z","timestamp":1027624958000},"page":"1003-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Edge image quality assessment: a new formulation for degraded edge imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"L. Calvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lakshminarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766874","article-title":"An optimal frequency domain filter for edge detection","volume":"1","author":"Shanmugam","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90124-4","article-title":"Gaussian derivative model for edge enhancement","volume":"27","author":"Basu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pattern Recog."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB3","unstructured":"C.S. Williams, O.A. Becklund, Introduction to the optical transfer function, Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics, Wiley, New York, 1989, pp. 57\u201359."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB4","unstructured":"L. Yaroslavsky, The theory of optimal methods for localization of objects in pictures, in: M.L. Calvo and M. Chevalier (Eds.), Fundamentals, Applications and Analysis of Digital Image Processing, Book Notes, Spanish Optical Society (SEDO), CSIC, Madrid, 1994, pp. 70\u2013272."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767980","article-title":"Edge focusing","volume":"9","author":"Bergholm","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.001178","article-title":"Perceptual characterization of images degraded by blur and noise: model","volume":"13","author":"Kayargadde","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.001166","article-title":"Perceptual characterization of images degraded by blur and noise: experiments","volume":"13","author":"Kayargadde","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(199622)7:2<102::AID-IMA6>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Estimation of perceived image blur using edge features","volume":"7","author":"Kayargadde","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Imaging Systems Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010133","article-title":"Edge detectors in human vision","volume":"229","author":"Shapley","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(73)90006-0","article-title":"Spatial arrangement of line, edge and grating detectors revealed by subthreshold summation","volume":"13","author":"Kulikowski","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0020","article-title":"Theory of edge detection","volume":"B207","author":"Marr","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB12","unstructured":"J. Gaskill, Linear Systems, Fourier Transforms and Optics, Wiley, New York, 1978, chap. 11."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.54.000915","article-title":"Derivation of the point spread function from the line spread function","volume":"54","author":"Marchand","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.44.000610","article-title":"Light distribution in the image of an incoherent illuminated edge","volume":"44","author":"Weinstein","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.55.001132","article-title":"Line spread and edge spread functions in the presence of off-axis aberrations","volume":"55","author":"Barakat","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB16","unstructured":"W. H. Swanter, Ch. R. Hayslett, Point spread functions, edge response and modulation transfer functions of obscured aperture optical systems, Research Projects Office, Technical Memorandum, USA, 1975."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.L. Calvo, A. Manzanares, M. Chevalier, V. Lakshminarayanan, A formalism for analyzing degraded edges using modified Heaviside functions, in: V. Lakshminarayanan (Eds.), Basic and Clinical Applications of Vision Science, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1997, pp. 77\u201381.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5698-1_9"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767940","article-title":"A new sense for depth of field","volume":"9","author":"Pentland","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.000681","article-title":"Occlusion edge blur: a cue to relative visual depth","volume":"13","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB20","unstructured":"B.N. Begunov, N.P. Zakaznov, S.I. Kiryushin, V.I. Kuzichev, Optical Instrumentation Theory and Design, Mir, Moscow, 1988, chap. 6, Section 6-2."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18822531319","volume":"47","author":"Struve","year":"1882","journal-title":"Wied. Ann."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB22","first-page":"334","article-title":"Calcul de la r\u00e9partition de la lumi\u00e8re dans l'image d'une ligne","volume":"31","author":"Steel","year":"1952","journal-title":"Revu. Opt."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.36.004362","article-title":"Steel: a revision (Technical Note)","volume":"36","author":"Manzanares","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB24","unstructured":"M. R. Spiegel, L. Abellanas, F\u00f3rmulas y tablas de matem\u00e1tica aplicada, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB25","unstructured":"Gradshteyn, I.M.R., in: A. Jeffrey (Ed.), Table of Integrals, Series and Products, Academic Press, New York, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.000851","article-title":"Tolerance to visual defocus","volume":"4","author":"Legge","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.55.000352","article-title":"From line to point spread function: the general case","volume":"55","author":"Marchand","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.54.000768","article-title":"Line spread function and cumulative line spread function for systems with rotational symmetry","volume":"54","author":"Barakat","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB29","unstructured":"M. Abramowitz, I. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, Dover, New York, 1968, p. 556."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199411000-00003","article-title":"Luminance effects on visual acuity and small letter contrast sensitivity","volume":"71","author":"Rabin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Optom. Vision Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.11.000246","article-title":"Monochromatic modulation transfer function of the human eye for different pupil diameters: an analytical expression","volume":"11","author":"Artal","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB32","unstructured":"S. Marcos, E. Moreno, R. Navarro, Depth of field of the human eye, in: Proceedings of the Vth Optical National Meeting, Valencia, Spain, 1997, pp. 335\u2013336 (in Spanish)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03549299","article-title":"Resolution criteria and modulation transfer function (MTF)\/line spread function (LSF) relationship in diffraction limited systems","volume":"25","author":"Calvo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB34","unstructured":"A. Simon, E. Shaw, M.L. Calvo, Merit functions of CCD cameras based on edge image processing, in: J.S. Chang, J.H. Lee, S.Y. Lee anad C.H. Nam (Eds.), 17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 2778, 1996, 65\u201366."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1117\/12.55666","article-title":"Application of a noise-adaptive contrast sensitivity function to image data compression","volume":"29","author":"Daly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Opt. Engng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB36","unstructured":"I. Sanz, M.L. Calvo and M. Chevalier, Digitally implemented soft edges with predetermined luminance: an analysis of its influence on image degradation, in: E. Wenger et al. (Eds.), Digital Image Processing and Computer Graphics (DIP-97) Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3346, 1998, 72\u201383."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB37","unstructured":"M.L. Calvo, I. Sanz, M. Chevalier, V. Lakshminarayanan, A psychophysical test based on degraded edge imaging: contrast sensitivity and threshold luminance, in: A. Sanfeliu, J.J. Villanueva, J. Vitri\u00e1 (Eds.), Proceedings of the VIIth National Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis UAB, Barcelona, vol. 2, 1997, pp. 118\u2013119."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp008056","article-title":"Optical quality of the human eye","volume":"186","author":"Campbell","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008574","article-title":"Applications of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings","volume":"197","author":"Campbell","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008862","article-title":"On the existance of neurons in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images","volume":"203","author":"Blakemore","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(79)90117-2","article-title":"A four-mechanism model for threshold spatial vision","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.1.000124","article-title":"Modified line element theory for spatial frequency and width discrimination","volume":"1","author":"Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB43","first-page":"1600","article-title":"A phenomenological model for interpreting the clinical significance of the in-vitro OTF","volume":"A 10","author":"Lang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199507000-00012","article-title":"The `expected visual outcome' model: methodology and clinical validation","volume":"72","author":"Lakshminarayanan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom. Vision Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.7.002024","article-title":"Evaluation of subjective image quality with the square-root integral method","volume":"7","author":"Barten","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.10.791","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity, acuity and the perception of real world targets","volume":"71","author":"Owsley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthal."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199110000-00001","article-title":"Three perspectives on low vision reading","volume":"68","author":"Legge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom. Vision Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90028-9","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading\u2014V. The role of contrast in normal vision","volume":"27","author":"Legge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718902100404","article-title":"Visibility of targets: model for calculation","volume":"21","author":"Adrian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lighting Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB50","unstructured":"V. Lakshminarayanan, A. Lang, The relationship between defocused MTF and spatial frequencies needed for letter recognition, in: Vision Science and its Applications. Technical Digest, vol. 1, Optical Society of America, Washington DC, 1995, pp. 159\u2013162."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1117\/12.55897","article-title":"Hybrid image coding scheme incorporating human visual system characteristics","volume":"30","author":"Ngan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Opt. Engng"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7977038","article-title":"Image quality measure based on a human visual system model","volume":"28","author":"Saghri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Opt. Engng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB53","unstructured":"R.L. DeValois, K.K. DeValois, Spatial Vision, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB54","unstructured":"R.Shapley, D.Man-Kit Lam, Contrast Sensitivity, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.P.Nadler, D.Miller, D.J.Nadler, Glare and Contrast Sensitivity for Clinicians, Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3242-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB56","unstructured":"M.L. Calvo, M. Chevalier, V. Lakshminarayanan, A. Manzanares, Analysis of the Heaviside function as a systematic generator of lines and edges: failure on LSF\/MTF reciprocity and sampling, in: Proceedings of the IVth National meeting of the Spanish Optical Society (SEDO), Granada, Spain, 1994, pp. 29\u201330 (in Spanish)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00072-9_BIB57","unstructured":"M.L. Calvo, A. Manzanares, M. Chevalier, V. Lakshminarayanan, Edge image processing: an analysis of modified Heaviside functions as degraded edge generators, in: J.S. Chang, J.H. Lee, S.Y. Lee, C.H. Nam (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the International Commision for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 2778, 1996, pp. 63\u201364."}],"container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0262885698000729?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0262885698000729?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T11:38:44Z","timestamp":1620646724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0262885698000729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0262885698000729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0262-8856(98)00072-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0262-8856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0262-8856","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}