{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:49:43Z","timestamp":1774928983703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":308,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-6915(02)00107-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,21]],"date-time":"2002-10-21T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1035209442000},"page":"1335-1373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":319,"title":["Evaluation of the health aspects of methyl paraben: a review of the published literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M.G.","family":"Soni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.A.","family":"Burdock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB1","first-page":"449","article-title":"p-Hydroxybenzoic acid as a preservative","volume":"42","author":"Aalto","year":"1953","journal-title":"1. Utilization, bactericidal and fungicidal investigations, properties and determination. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Association Science Edition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1975.tb03755.x","article-title":"Inhibition of Aspergillus niger in an intermediate moisture food system","volume":"40","author":"Acott","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6989(77)80082-9","article-title":"Morphological effects of subarachnoid methyl paraben on rabbit spinal cord","volume":"9","author":"Adams","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pharmacology Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.110.4.640","article-title":"Systemic eczematous \u201ccontact-type\u201d dermatitis medicamentosa caused by parabens","volume":"110","author":"Aeling","year":"1974","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 61","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB5","first-page":"5","article-title":"Hand eczema and other hand dermatoses in south Sweden","volume":"49","author":"Agrup","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB6","first-page":"135","article-title":"On the toxicity and local analgesic effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters","volume":"128","author":"Alder-Hradecky","year":"1960","journal-title":"Archives of International Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.207.2.356","article-title":"Allergy to local anesthetics","volume":"207","author":"Aldrete","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1970.tb04594.x","article-title":"Alterations of skin reactivity of local anesthetic drugs in guinea pigs","volume":"9","author":"Aldrete","year":"1970","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600670513","article-title":"Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of parabens","volume":"67","author":"Alexander","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB10","first-page":"165","article-title":"Problems posed by food additives","volume":"30","author":"Amos","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Human Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB11","first-page":"192","article-title":"Preservation, sterilization and stability testing of ophthalmic preparations","volume":"2","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600530213","article-title":"Hemolysis of erythrocytes by antibacterial preservatives","volume":"53","author":"Ansel","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB13","first-page":"157","article-title":"The role of additives in chronic pseudo-allergic dermatopathies from food intolerance","volume":"27","author":"Antico","year":"1995","journal-title":"Allergie Immunopathologie"},{"issue":"152","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB14","first-page":"99","article-title":"Sensitivities of wild type and envelope defective strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial agents","volume":"38","author":"Bahgat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(94)90181-3","article-title":"The esters of p-hydroxy-benzoate (parabens) inhibit the release of lysosomal enzymes by mitogen-stimulated peripheral human lymphocytes in culture","volume":"224","author":"Bairati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB16","first-page":"319","article-title":"Paraben contact hypersensitivety","volume":"51","author":"Bajaj","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(89)90065-6","article-title":"In-vitro spermicidal activity of parabens against human spermatozoa","volume":"39","author":"Bao-Liang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB18","first-page":"217","article-title":"Effects of the constituents of a corticosteroid enema preparation on colonic blood flow and oxygen uptake in the dog","volume":"226","author":"Barrowman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90112-0","article-title":"The performance of the local lymph node assay with chemicals identified as contact allergens in the human maximization test","volume":"32","author":"Basketter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1990.tb05374.x","article-title":"The effect of some preservatives used in nasal preparations on the mucus and ciliary components of mucociliary clearance","volume":"42","author":"Batts","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113676.x","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to methyl-hydroxybenzoatea case for additive labeling of pharmaceuticals","volume":"144","author":"Batty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB22","first-page":"203","article-title":"Effects of food preservatives on mycotoxin production","volume":"1","author":"Bauer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00024-0","article-title":"Flow cytometric screening for the modulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis in human dendritic cells:implications for the development of an in vitro technique for predictive testing of contact sensitizers","volume":"203","author":"Becker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/02713689808951223","article-title":"Histopathological effects of topical ophthalmic preservatives on rat corneoconjuctival surface","volume":"17","author":"Becquet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1139\/m95-108","article-title":"Weak acid effects and inhibition of glycosis by Streptococcus mutans GS-5","volume":"41","author":"Belli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synergy, additivism and antagonism in immunosuppression","volume":"28","author":"Berenbaum","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB23","first-page":"89","article-title":"Germaben II:a complete preservative system in clear liquid form","volume":"97","author":"Berke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cosmetics and Toiletries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB28","first-page":"9","article-title":"The utilization for growth and the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate esters by bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Beveridge","year":"1970","journal-title":"International Biodeterioration Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB29","unstructured":"BIBRA, 1989a. Methylparaben. BIBRA working group. Toxicity Profile. BIBRA. 1989, 10 p."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB30","unstructured":"BIBRA, 1989b. Propylparaben. BIBRA working group. Toxicity Profile. BIBRA. 1989; 8 p."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB31","first-page":"173","article-title":"Solbrol-p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester","volume":"34","author":"Bijlsma","year":"1928","journal-title":"Archives of International Phermacodynamics and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-167-41185","article-title":"Anticellular and immunosuppressive activities of food borne phenolic compounds","volume":"167","author":"Blalock","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/54.1.138","article-title":"The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands","volume":"54","author":"Blair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB34","first-page":"495","article-title":"Kinetic degradation of parabens","volume":"25","author":"Blaug","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of the Cosmetic Chemists"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB35","first-page":"217","article-title":"Mutagenicity screening of twenty-five cosmetic ingredients with the Salmonella\/microsome test","volume":"A17","author":"Blevins","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.19332710904","article-title":"Influence of preservatives on enzymic processes","volume":"271","author":"Bleyer","year":"1933","journal-title":"Archives of Pharmacy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB37","first-page":"199","article-title":"Antagonism of acute alcohol intoxication by naloxone","volume":"19","author":"Bodawy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB38","first-page":"21","article-title":"Recent applications for preservatives of pharmaceuticals","volume":"43","author":"Boehm","year":"1972","journal-title":"Manufacturing Chemists Aerosol News"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02928240","article-title":"Estimation of efficiency of fungitoxic compounds according to the inhibition of mycelium growth","volume":"7","author":"Bomar","year":"1962","journal-title":"Folia Microbioligia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB40","series-title":"Bronchial Mucology Series: Drugs in Bronchial Mucology","first-page":"335","article-title":"Agents that affect ciliary activity","author":"Braga","year":"1989"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1983.58","article-title":"Are the vascular effects of naloxone attributable to the preservatives methyl- and propylparaben?","volume":"3","author":"Brandt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broadley, S.J., Jenkins, P.A., Furr, J.R., Russell, A.D., 1990. Anti-mycobacterial activity of biocides. Letters in Applied Microbiology 13(3), 118\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00586.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107882","article-title":"Competitive binding of bilirubin and drugs to human serum albumin studied by enzymic oxidation","volume":"54","author":"Brodersen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600720312","article-title":"Bilirubin displacing effect of Ampicillin, Indomethacin, Chlorpromazine, Gentamicin and parabens in vitro and in newborn infants","volume":"72","author":"Brodersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/8.6.748","article-title":"Nipagin (p-methyl hydroxy benzoate) as a pesticide against a house mite: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus","volume":"8","author":"Bronswwijk","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB46","first-page":"340","article-title":"Concerning the pharmacology of benzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, as well as p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its esters","volume":"7","author":"Bubnoff","year":"1957","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB47","unstructured":"Burdock, G.A., Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives, vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1779\u20131781."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(83)90328-8","article-title":"Is the direct effect of naloxone on liver metabolism an artifact?","volume":"759","author":"Caldecourt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochemica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB49","first-page":"553","article-title":"Protective effects of p-hydroxybenzoic esters in the photodegradation of riboflavin","volume":"36","author":"Casini","year":"1981","journal-title":"Farmaco Ed Prat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB50","unstructured":"Castles, T. R., Bhandari, J. C., Lee, C. C., Guarino, A. M., Litterest, C. L., Davis, R. D., Folk, R. M., 1977. Toxicity of 4:1 mixture of methyl: propyl parabens in saline following 24 hours IV infusion in beagle dogs. NTIS PB270480."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerda, S.E., Tong, C., Deal, D.D., Eisenach, J.C., 1997. A physiologic assessment of intrathecal amitriptyline in sheep. Anesthesiology 86(5), 1003\u20131094; cited in Eisenach et al., 1997","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199705000-00013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-181-42272","article-title":"Actions of opiate agonists, nalaxone and paraben preservatives in the rat lung circulation","volume":"181","author":"Chang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000267167","article-title":"Subconjuctival gentamicin induction of extraocular toxic muscle myopathy","volume":"24","author":"Chapman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600640312","article-title":"Effect of flavoring oils on preservative concentrations in oral liquid dosage forms","volume":"64","author":"Chemburkar","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"10\/11","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(86)90305-4","article-title":"Histopathological and radioautographical studies on the forestomach of F344 rats treated with butylated hydroxyanisole and related chemicals","volume":"24","author":"Clayson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.31.5.718-722.1976","article-title":"Resistance of a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia to esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"31","author":"Close","year":"1976","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB57","series-title":"Food Additives. Toxicology, Regulations and Properties","author":"Clydesdale","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.1996.tb00135.x","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of parabens from cosmetic formulations","volume":"18","author":"Dal Pozzo","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258609038984","article-title":"Metabolic aspects of antioxidants and preservatives","volume":"16","author":"Daniel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(94)00392-I","article-title":"The effect of cp-solvent on the antimicrobial activity of paraben preservatives","volume":"119","author":"Darwish","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(97)87784-8","article-title":"Effect of ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerol on the interaction of methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"147","author":"Darwish","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB62","first-page":"21","article-title":"Frequency of preservative use in cosmetic formulas as disclosed to FDA\u20141987","volume":"102","author":"Decker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cosmetics and Toiletries"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(63)80686-0","article-title":"Metabolism of a food preservative: p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its esters","volume":"1","author":"Derache","year":"1963","journal-title":"Food and Cosmetics Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(85)91802-9","article-title":"Narcan\u00a9 inhibition of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase","volume":"131","author":"Dingley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06732.x","article-title":"Reactions to aspirin and food additives in patients with chronic urticaria, including the physical urticarias","volume":"93","author":"Doeglas","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1139\/m81-130","article-title":"Changes in activity of antifungals in mixed cultures of bacteria and yeasts","volume":"27","author":"Domon","year":"1981","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB67","first-page":"59","article-title":"In vitro interaction between norfloxacin and some additives","volume":"28","author":"Dungore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573362364","article-title":"Evaluation of phototoxic properties of some food additives: sulfites exhibit prominent phototoxicity","volume":"73","author":"Eberlein-Konig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB69","first-page":"50","article-title":"Substrate specificities of two stably expressed human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferases of the UGT1 gene family","volume":"21","author":"Ebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB70","first-page":"283","article-title":"Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by antibiotics and preservatives","volume":"9","author":"Echeveria","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01661.x","article-title":"Computerized analysis of concomitant contact allergens","volume":"24","author":"Edman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000724","article-title":"Understanding allergic reactions to local anesthetics","volume":"8","author":"Eggleston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy 307-"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03817.x","article-title":"Role of nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions in children with chronic urticaria","volume":"53","author":"Ehlers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199710000-00024","article-title":"Phase I human safety assessment of intrathecal neostigmine containing methyl- and propylparabens","volume":"85","author":"Eisenach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(85)90035-2","article-title":"Inhibition of microbial growth at different pH levels by benzoic and propionic acids and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"2","author":"Eklund","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/10915818409021274","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben","volume":"3","author":"Elder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB77","first-page":"99","article-title":"Sensitivity of wild type and envelop-defective strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial agents","volume":"38","author":"El-Falaha","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1998.tb04281.x","article-title":"Prolonged erythema after chemical peel","volume":"24","author":"Farber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatology Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.12.4553-4558.1994","article-title":"Ability of laboratory methods to predict in-use efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in an experimental cosmetic","volume":"60","author":"Farrington","year":"1994","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB80","unstructured":"Food Chemical Codex, 1996. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, pp. 255\u2013256."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB81","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Ophthalmic ingredients","volume":"43","year":"1978","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"89","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB82","first-page":"30002","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Ophthalmic ingredients","volume":"45","year":"1980","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"103","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB83","first-page":"35578","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Ophthalmic ingredients","volume":"45","year":"1980","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"143","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB84","first-page":"20048","article-title":"Methyl paraben and propyl paraben Affirmation of GRAS status of direct human food ingredients","volume":"38","year":"1973","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB85","first-page":"20669","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Dentifrices","volume":"45","year":"1980","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB86","first-page":"82017","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Vaginal and Contraceptive Ingredients","volume":"45","year":"1980","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"234","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB87","first-page":"69790","article-title":"Monograph on OTC Topical Analgesics","volume":"44","year":"1979","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB88","unstructured":"FDA, 1981. Product Formulation Data. Computer Printout."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB89","series-title":"Inactive Ingredient Guide","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB90","unstructured":"FDRL (Food and Drug Research Labs), 1972. Teratologic evaluation of FDA 71\u201338 (methyl paraben) US NTIS report (PB-221 785), 42."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB91","unstructured":"FDRL (Food and Drug Research Labs), 1973. Teratologic evaluation of FDA 71\u201338 (methyl paraben) US NTIS report (PB-223817), 14."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB93","first-page":"304, 308, 312, 318 and 414","article-title":"Dermatitis of the hands from food additives","volume":"30","author":"Fisher","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB92","first-page":"65","article-title":"Esoteric contact dermatitis. Part I: the paraben paradox","volume":"57","author":"Fisher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.104.3.286","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis due to ingredients of vehicles. A vehicle tray for patch testing","volume":"104","author":"Fisher","year":"1971","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(97)00037-1","article-title":"Deterioration of raw materials and cosmetic products by preservative resistant microorganisms","volume":"40","author":"Flores","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB95","first-page":"45","article-title":"Penicillium expansum growth and production of patulin in the presence of benzoic acid and its derivatives","volume":"47","author":"Florianowicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Microbiologica Polonica"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.44.1567","article-title":"Relationship between uptake of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters by Escherichia coli and antibacterial activity","volume":"44","author":"Fukahori","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB98","first-page":"189","article-title":"Factors influencing the activity of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid against Serratia marcescens","volume":"5","author":"Furr","year":"1972","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(98)00069-1","article-title":"Ocular tolerance of preservatives on the murine cornea","volume":"47","author":"Furrer","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharamceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB100","first-page":"364","article-title":"Studies on cytogenetic activities of some chief agents of vaginal contraceptives","volume":"19","author":"Gebhart","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arzneimittel Forschung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB101","first-page":"3959","article-title":"Respiratory smooth muscle relaxing effect of commercial steroid preparations","volume":"107","author":"Geddes","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Reviews of Respiratory Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008232","article-title":"Methyl paraben and propyl paraben do not alter cerebral blood flow","volume":"39","author":"Gelb","year":"1992","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05173.x","article-title":"Sensitivity to various ingredients of topical preparations following prolonged use","volume":"23","author":"George","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1980.tb02154.x","article-title":"Management of chronic idiopathic urticaria by the identification and exclusion of dietary factors","volume":"10","author":"Gibson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clinical Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01832.x","article-title":"Kinetic evaluation of claimed synergistic paraben combinations using a factorial design","volume":"72","author":"Gilliland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Bacteriology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1996.0064","article-title":"Effect of sorbic acid and methyl paraben on susceptibility of alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotudata) to chalbrood (Ascosphaera aggregata)","volume":"68","author":"Goettel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Pathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820250803","article-title":"Prevention of bacterial colonization on polyurethane in vitro by incorporated antibacterial agents","volume":"25","author":"Golomb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Material Research"},{"issue":"4380","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1126\/science.569903","article-title":"Sex pheromone in the dog","volume":"203","author":"Goodwin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/00015559850135850","article-title":"Preservatives in moisturizers on the Swedish market","volume":"78","author":"Gruvberger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Dermatologia Venereologie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB110","first-page":"317","article-title":"Studies on the safety of glucose and paraben-containing neostigmine for intrathecal administration","volume":"85","author":"Gurun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB111","series-title":"Cosmetic and Drug Preservation\u2014Principles and Practice","first-page":"63","article-title":"Esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","author":"Haag","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB112","first-page":"125","article-title":"The protection of insulin against proteolytic processes after rectal application on normoglycemic rabbits","volume":"46","author":"Hacker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00065-4","article-title":"Interlaboratory validation of in vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients. (2) Chorioallantoid membrane (CAM) test","volume":"13","author":"Hagino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology in vitro"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1982.22683068617.x","article-title":"An apparent anti-Jka reacting only in the presence of methyl esters of hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"22","author":"Halima","year":"1982","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199012000-00025","article-title":"Paraben preservatives but not succinyl choline are cerebral vasodilators in vitro","volume":"73","author":"Hamilton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1976.tb02994.x","article-title":"Allergy to ingredients of vehicles","volume":"2","author":"Hannuksela","year":"1976","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0030105","article-title":"A new test of total spermicidal power","volume":"3","author":"Harris","year":"1962","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90367-R","article-title":"Central effects of preservative methyl paraben: in vivo activation of cAMP specific phosphodiesterase and reduction of cortical cAMP","volume":"44","author":"Harvey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB119","first-page":"427","article-title":"Oral fat emulsions","volume":"20","author":"Hassler","year":"1954","journal-title":"American Prof. Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.115.10.1231","article-title":"Contact urticaria to parabens","volume":"115","author":"Henry","year":"1979","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB120","first-page":"122","article-title":"Preservation and stability of corn tortillas at room temperature","volume":"45","author":"Higuera-Ciapara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600720919","article-title":"Urinary excretion of methyl paraben and its metabolites in preterm infants","volume":"72","author":"Hindmarsh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"Suppl. 46","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB123","first-page":"11","article-title":"Eczematous allergy to balsams, applied perfumes and flavouring agents","volume":"41","author":"Hjorth","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB124","first-page":"43","article-title":"Skin reactions to preservatives in creams with special regard to paraben esters and sorbic acid","volume":"77","author":"Hjorth","year":"1962","journal-title":"American Perfumer and Cosmetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB125","unstructured":"Homburger, F., 1968. Carcinogenicity of several compounds. National Technical Information Service, PB No. 183 027, 26 pp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-338X(94)90243-7","article-title":"Transesterification of ethyl paraben by free and entrapped cells of Pseudomonas cepacia","volume":"77","author":"Horiuchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00160-X","article-title":"Lack of oesterogenic effects of food preservatives (parabens) in uterotrophic assays","volume":"38","author":"Hossaini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039209374114","article-title":"The regulation of preservatives in European community","volume":"9","author":"Howlett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food additives and Contaminants"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB129","first-page":"263","article-title":"Dyes, preservatives and salicyclates in the induction of food intolerance and\/or hypersensitivity in children","volume":"10","author":"Ibero","year":"1982","journal-title":"Allergologie et Immunopathologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(96)00025-2","article-title":"Evaluation of stinging-inducing chemicals using cultured neuronal cells:an electrophysiological approach","volume":"10","author":"Inoue","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicology in Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)90187-2","article-title":"Modulation by alkyl para-hydroxybenzoates of voltage and ligand-gated channels in peripheral neuronal cells","volume":"33","author":"Inoue","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB132","first-page":"55","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of medical drugs","volume":"96","author":"Ishidate","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chromosome aberration tests in Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Eisei Shikensho Hokoku"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67729-8_8","article-title":"Chromosome aberration tests with Chinese hamster cells in vitro with and without metabolic activation\u2014a comparative study on mutagens and carcinogens","volume":"4","author":"Ishidate","year":"1980","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology Supplement"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB134","first-page":"110","article-title":"Results of patch test conducted between 1978 and 1985 using cosmetic ingredients","volume":"28","author":"Itoh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Skin Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3109\/15569529209042706","article-title":"Moisturizers of today","volume":"11","author":"Jackson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology\u2014Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(84)90321-3","article-title":"Hypoxic radiosensitization by the antimicrobial methyl paraben","volume":"10","author":"Jacobs","year":"1984","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00966684","article-title":"The stimulatory effects of chronic lithium treatment on basal thyrotropin secretion in rats: in vivo antagonism by methyl paraben","volume":"18","author":"Jaffer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB138","series-title":"17th Report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Technical Report Series 539","year":"1974"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03691.x","article-title":"Kinetic evaluation of the ciliotoxicity of methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates using factorial experiments","volume":"45","author":"Jian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1993.tb05624.x","article-title":"Ciliotoxicity of methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates: a dose-response and surface-response study","volume":"45","author":"Jian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1983.0010","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to procaine, tetracaine, mepivacaine, and methyl paraben: report of a case","volume":"106","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of American Dental Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB142","first-page":"265","article-title":"p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters as preservatives. III. The physiological disposition of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its esters","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association, Science Edition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB143","first-page":"271","article-title":"The effect of methyl paraben on tracheal smooth muscle in vitro","volume":"214","author":"Jones","year":"1975","journal-title":"Archives of International Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1982.22182154211.x","article-title":"Paraben associated autoanti-Jka antibodies. Three examples detected using commercially prepared low-ionic-strength saline containing parabens","volume":"22","author":"Judd","year":"1982","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600601210","article-title":"Binding study of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters to bovine serum albumin by fluorescent probe technique","volume":"60","author":"Jun","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-56.4.302","article-title":"Influence of altered fatty acid composition on resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to antimicrobials","volume":"56","author":"Juneja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04170.x","article-title":"Anaphylactoid skin reactions after intravenous regional anaesthesia using 0.5% prilocaine with or without preservative- a double-blind study","volume":"39","author":"Kajimoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB148","first-page":"469","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to orally administered methyl paraben","volume":"1","author":"Kaminer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB149","first-page":"251","article-title":"Effect of heparin on the sensitivity of frog rectus abdominis muscle to acetyl choline","volume":"16","author":"Karasek","year":"1967","journal-title":"Physiologie Bohemoslov"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB151","unstructured":"Kawachi, T., Komatsu, T., Kada, T., Ishidate, M., Sasaki, M., Sugiyama, T., Tazima, Y., 1980a. Results of recent studies on the relevance of various short term screening tests in Japan. In: The predictive value of short-term screening tests in carcinogenicity evaluation. Applied Methods in Oncology 3, 253\u2013267."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB150","unstructured":"Kawachi, T., Yahagi, T., Kada, T., Tazima, Y., Ishidate, M., Sasaki, M., Sugiyama, T., 1980b. Cooperative program on short-term assays for carcinogenicity in Japan. Scientific Publications no. 27, International Agency for Research in Cancer, pp. 323\u2013330."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/88.5.672","article-title":"Effects of diet ingredient source and preparation method on larval development of laboratory-reared gypsy moth (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)","volume":"88","author":"Keena","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of Entomological Society of America"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(86)90093-1","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate as an indicator of cellular toxicity in vitro","volume":"24","author":"Kemp","year":"1986","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258809041701","article-title":"Comparison of cell death and adenosine triphosphate content as an indicator of cellular toxicity in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Kemp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB155","unstructured":"Kibbe, A. H., 2000. Methylparaben. In: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. American Pharmaceutical Association. Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp. 340\u2013344."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB156","first-page":"203","article-title":"Toxicology and carcinogenicity of preservatives used in the preparation of biological products. International Symposium on Preservatives in Biological Products, San Francisco 1973","volume":"24","author":"Kirschstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"Developmental Biology Standard"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.45.1354","article-title":"Skin permeation of parabens in excised guinea pig dorsal skin, its modification by penetration enhancers and their relationship with n-octane\/water partition coefficients","volume":"45","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacy Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB158","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effects of local anesthetics on the peripheral nerve and the spinal cord","volume":"25","author":"Kitamura","year":"1979","journal-title":"Osaka City Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1979.tb03837.x","article-title":"Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by butylated hydroxyanisole","volume":"44","author":"Klindworth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB160","first-page":"578","article-title":"A case of contact urticaria to methyl paraben","volume":"34","author":"Kojima","year":"1992","journal-title":"Skin Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB161","first-page":"359","article-title":"Influence of preservatives on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and on the protein content of animal cells in tissue culture. Mitteilungen Geb?","volume":"62","author":"Krauze","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lebensmittelunters und Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB162","unstructured":"Krebs-Smith, S. M., Guenther, P. M., Cook, A., Thompson, F. E., Cucinelli, J., Udler, J., 1997. Foods Commonly Eaten in the United States: Quantities Consumed per Eating Occasion and in a Day, 1989\u201391. NTISPB98\u2013111719."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012171227272","article-title":"Perfusion cells for studying regional variation in oral-mucosal permeability in humans. I: kinetic aspects in oral-mucosal absorption of alkyl parabens","volume":"14","author":"Kurosaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.21.194","article-title":"Lipo-microdialysis: a new microdialysis method for studying the pharmacokinetics of lipophilic substances","volume":"21","author":"Kurosaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB165","first-page":"76","article-title":"Availability and activity of preservatives in emulsified system","volume":"66","author":"Kurup","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-6865(95)00020-A","article-title":"Interactions of preservatives with macromolecules. Part II. Cellulose derivatives","volume":"70","author":"Kurup","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90148-6","article-title":"Evaluation of chemicals for immunomodulatory effects using an in vitro antibody producing assay","volume":"22","author":"Kutz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB168","first-page":"72","article-title":"Methyl paraben- an overlooked cause of local anesthetic hypersensitivity","volume":"24","author":"Larson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anesthesia Progress"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB169","first-page":"201","article-title":"In vitro screening for hepatotoxicity of xenobiotics using isolated hepatocytes","volume":"15","author":"Lavrijsen","year":"1988","journal-title":"ATLA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(80)90028-6","article-title":"An unusual skin reaction following local anesthetic injection","volume":"49","author":"Lederman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000237347","article-title":"An approach to predictive testing of contact sensitizers in vitro by monitoring their influence on endocytotic mechanisms","volume":"111","author":"Lempertz","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB176","first-page":"655","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by p-hydroxybenzoic acid in Varicosan\u00a9 bandage\u2014a casuistic description","volume":"175","author":"Lindner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dermatologische Monatsschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB177","unstructured":"Litton Bionetics, 1974. Mutagenic Evaluation of Compound FDA 71\u201338, Methyl Paraben. US NTIS Report. PB245 459."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB178","first-page":"647","article-title":"Hydrolysis of parabens by extracts from differing layers of human skin","volume":"377","author":"Lobemeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80558-6","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic formulations in serum protein: bilirubin interaction of newborn infants","volume":"89","author":"Loria","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB180","unstructured":"LSRO\/FASEB, 1972. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Methyl Paraben and Propyl Paraben as Food Ingredients. US NTIS Report (PB-221950)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1978.0344","article-title":"Discussion of sensitivity to preservatives in anesthetics","volume":"97","author":"Luebke","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of American Dental Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1996.tb00201.x","article-title":"Irreversible paraben inhibition of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans GS-5","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB183","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Interaction between aqueous preservative solutions and their plastic containers","volume":"105","author":"McCarthy","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pharm. Weekblad"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB184","first-page":"109","article-title":"Some aspects of the antifungal activity of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"10","author":"McRobbie","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Biodeterioration Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-78-19209","article-title":"Moniliasis in aureomycin therapy","volume":"78","author":"McVey","year":"1951","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB186","first-page":"85","article-title":"The role of p-hydroxybenzoates in modern cosmetics","volume":"97","author":"Maddox","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cosmetics and Toiletries"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.42","article-title":"The identification of contact allergens by animal assay","volume":"52","author":"Magnusson","year":"1969","journal-title":"The guinea pig maximization test. Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.51.3.559-561.1986","article-title":"Quantitative determination of infinite inhibition concentrations of antimicrobial agents","volume":"51","author":"Marwan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB189","first-page":"107","article-title":"Delayed contact hypersensitivity studies in man and animals","author":"Marzulli","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Joint Conference of Cosmetic Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB190","first-page":"399","article-title":"Antimicrobials: experimental contact sensitization in man","volume":"24","author":"Marzulli","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB191","unstructured":"Marzulli, F. N., Maibach, H. I., 1977. Contact allergy: predictive testing in humans. In: Advances in Modern Toxicology, Vol. 4. Dermatotoxicology, and Pharmacology. pp. 353\u2013372."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657108990959","article-title":"Toxicology and carcinogenesis of various chemicals used in the preparations of vaccines","volume":"4","author":"Mason","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00073-3","article-title":"Interlaboratory validation of the in vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients","volume":"13","author":"Matsukawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"(11) EYTEX\u2122. Toxicology in vitro"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(79)90089-2","article-title":"Chromosomal aberration tests on 29 chemicals combined with S-9 mix in vitro","volume":"66","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.3030450420","article-title":"p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters as preservatives. II. Acute and chronic toxicity in dogs, rats and mice","volume":"45","author":"Matthews","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association Science Edition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(80)90050-5","article-title":"The optimization test in guinea pigs in relation to other predictive sensitization methods","volume":"15","author":"Maurer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01747.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-chloro-4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI\/MI)","volume":"24","author":"Menne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02892.x","article-title":"Routine patch testing with paraben esters","volume":"19","author":"Menne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1954.03690220020006","article-title":"Effects of esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid on candida and yeast like fungi","volume":"155","author":"Metzger","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08014.x","article-title":"Urticaria induced by preservatives and dye additives in food and drugs","volume":"88","author":"Michaelsson","year":"1973","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.109.1.49","article-title":"Purpura caused by food and drug additives","volume":"109","author":"Michaelsson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB206","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Suppressive effect of methyl paraben on the evoked compound action potentials in excised rabbit cervical vagus nerve","volume":"43","author":"Mizuno","year":"1994","journal-title":"Matsui"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-55.5.360","article-title":"Inhibition, injury, and inactivation of four psychrotrophic foodborn bacteria by the preservatives methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and potassium sorbate","volume":"55","author":"Moir","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Food Protection"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.15.3_243","article-title":"Mutagenicity of materials related with cosmetics","volume":"15","author":"Morita","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Cosmetic Chemists Japan?"},{"issue":"10\/1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540891019","article-title":"Adverse effects of lidocaine and methyl parabens on tracheal ciliary activity","volume":"89","author":"Mostow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(00)90033-2","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by parabens: 2 case reports and a review","volume":"11","author":"Mowad","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagel, J. E., Fuscaldo, J. T., Fireman, P., 1977. Paraben allergy. Journal of the American Medical Association 237(15), 1594\u20131595.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03270420062018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00097-5","article-title":"Mechanism of p-hydroxybenzoate ester-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"55","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00147-1","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition in p-hydroxybenzoate ester-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes","volume":"58","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600640653","article-title":"Phenol formation from alkyl paraben by bacteria","volume":"64","author":"Nakamori","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4803","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/192668a0","article-title":"Action of methyl hydroxybenzoate on nervous conduction","volume":"192","author":"Nathan","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB212","unstructured":"Neidig, C. P., Burrell, H., 1944. The esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids as preservatives. Drug and Cosmetic Industry 54(4), 408\u2013410, 481\u2013489."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02612.x","article-title":"The effects of paraben on DNA, RNA and protein-synthesis in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis","volume":"54","author":"Nes","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555572456460","article-title":"Allergic contact sensitization in an unselected Danish population. The Glostrup Allergy Study, Denmark","volume":"72","author":"Nielsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06967.x","article-title":"The relationship between IgE-mediated and cell-mediated hypersensitivities in an unselected Danish population: the Glostrup Allergy Study, Denmark","volume":"134","author":"Nielsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB216","series-title":"CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, first ed","author":"Nikitakis","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.16.389","article-title":"Studies on absorption and excretion of drugs. IX. Relation between chemical structure and absorption rate. (1). Effects of the number and the position of OH-groups on the intestinal absorption rate of benzoyl derivatives","volume":"16","author":"Nogami","year":"1968","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00066-6","article-title":"Interlaboratory validation of the in vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients. (3) Evaluation of the haemolysis test","volume":"13","author":"Okamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology in vitro"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB219","first-page":"199","article-title":"Interlaboratory validation of the in Vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients","volume":"13","author":"Okumura","year":"1999","journal-title":"(10) Evaluation of cytotoxicity test on CHL cells. Toxicology in vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB220","first-page":"75","article-title":"The parabens: bacterial adaptation and preservative capacity","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of the Cosmetic Chemists"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1980.tb00369.x","article-title":"Use of parabens as cosmetic preservatives","volume":"19","author":"Orth","year":"1980","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB222","first-page":"165","article-title":"Establishing cosmetic preservative efficacy by use of D-values","volume":"31","author":"Orth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB223","first-page":"347","article-title":"Synergism of preservative system components: use of the survival curve slope method to demonstrate anti-Pseudomonas synergy of methyl paraben and acrylic acid homopolymer\/copolymer in vitro","volume":"40","author":"Orth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039209374110","article-title":"Safety aspects of food preservatives","volume":"9","author":"Parke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food Additives and Contaminants"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9459(24)09784-5","article-title":"Experiments in physical pharmacy part 1binding and in vitro biological activity","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"1968","journal-title":"American Journal of Pharmacy Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB227","first-page":"306","article-title":"Nipaester allergy. A new test method for the oral mucosal","volume":"17","author":"Pevny","year":"1971","journal-title":"Allergy and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1954.tb45896.x","article-title":"Short term cultures for drug assays","volume":"58","author":"Pomerat","year":"1954","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199110000-00018","article-title":"Paraben preservatives do not increase intracranial pressure in cats","volume":"75","author":"Pompy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(82)80108-7","article-title":"Evaluation using Salmonella typhimurium, of the mutagenicity of seven chemicals found in cosmetics","volume":"20","author":"Prival","year":"1982","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(91)90017-G","article-title":"Bacterial mutagenicity testing of 49 food ingredients gives very few positive results","volume":"260","author":"Prival","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB231","first-page":"2737","article-title":"Local anesthetic allergy","volume":"256","author":"Puentes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/107175499266823","article-title":"Toxicological implications of nasal formulations","volume":"6","author":"Quadir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)80557-4","article-title":"Effect of paraben preservatives on albumin binding of bilirubin","volume":"89","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00836.x","article-title":"Contents of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and benzylparaben in cosmetic products","volume":"32","author":"Rastogi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(91)90236-H","article-title":"Human buccal absorption. II. A comparative study of the buccal absorption of some parahydroxybenzoic acid derivatives using the buccal absorption test and a buccal perfusion","volume":"74","author":"Rathbone","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600560227","article-title":"Hydrolysis of methyl paraben","volume":"56","author":"Raval","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB237","first-page":"149","article-title":"Prediction of Listeria spp","volume":"40","author":"Razavilar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Growth as affected by various levels of chemicals, pH, temperature and storage time in a model broth. International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.43.4.835-839.1982","article-title":"Inhibition of Clostridinum botulinum by antioxidants, phenols and related compounds","volume":"43","author":"Reddy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(86)90095-5","article-title":"An evaluation of three in vitro cytotoxicity assays","volume":"24","author":"Riddell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB241","first-page":"86","article-title":"The importance of exposure period and cell type in in vitro cytotoxicity tests","volume":"14","author":"Riddell","year":"1986","journal-title":"ATLA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02419.x","article-title":"Influence of p-hydroxy benzoic-acid esters on the growth and toxin production of Clostridium-botulinum botulinum 10755a","volume":"43","author":"Robach","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(86)90176-9","article-title":"Short-term effects of various phenols and acids on the Fischer 344 male rat forestomach epithelium","volume":"38","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB244","first-page":"281","article-title":"A detoxification product of the xenobiotic methyl parasept by Heliothis virescene (F) (Lepidopthera:Noctuidae)","volume":"96C","author":"Rojas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15532.x","article-title":"A follow-up study of patients with recurrent urticaria and hypersensitivity to aspirin, benzoates and azo dyes","volume":"95","author":"Ros","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB246","first-page":"663","article-title":"Modern concepts of cosmetic preservation","volume":"24","author":"Rosen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963218","article-title":"Antithyroid effect of a food or drug preservative: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester","volume":"37","author":"Rousett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8544","article-title":"Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservative (Parabens) are estrogenic","volume":"153","author":"Routledge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB249","first-page":"453","article-title":"Toxicity of local anesthetic additives","volume":"18","author":"Rowlingson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Regulatory Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(85)90066-3","article-title":"Susceptibility of porin- and lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli to a homologous series of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"27","author":"Russell","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(86)90017-7","article-title":"The effects of antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives on smooth, rough and deep rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"34","author":"Russell","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB251","first-page":"27","article-title":"Biocides:mechanisms of antifungal action and fungal resistance","volume":"79","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science Progress"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB253","first-page":"7","article-title":"Toxicity associated with lactated Ringer\u2019s solution containing preservatives","volume":"12","author":"Ryan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Feline Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.19302680905","article-title":"Application of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate in maintenance of sterility, in sterilization and in disinfection","volume":"268","author":"Sabalitschka","year":"1930","journal-title":"Archives of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197202)29:2<370::AID-CNCR2820290217>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Saiki","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB256","first-page":"574","article-title":"Cytogenetic effects of 60 chemicals on cultured human and Chinese hamster cells","volume":"20","author":"Sasaki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Senshokutai (Kromosomo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03921.x","article-title":"Study of interaction effects of polyacrilic acid polymers (Carbopol 940) on antimicrobial activity of methyl parahydroxybenzoate against some gram negative, gram-positive bacteria and yeast","volume":"48","author":"Scalzo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055769","article-title":"Acute oral toxicity and repellency of 933 chemicals to house and deer mice","volume":"14","author":"Schafer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059413","article-title":"The acute oral toxicity and repellency and hazard potential of 998 chemicals in one or more species of wild and domestic birds","volume":"12","author":"Schafer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.95.6.626","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis to methyl and propyl paraben","volume":"95","author":"Schamberg","year":"1967","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB261","first-page":"720","article-title":"Microbiological stability of oral dosage forms problems with liquid antacids","volume":"1","author":"Schmidt","year":"1985","journal-title":"S. T. P. Pharma"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB262","first-page":"13","article-title":"Toxicology of new preservatives: p-chlorobenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters","volume":"77","author":"Schuebel","year":"1930","journal-title":"Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB263","first-page":"208","article-title":"Contribution to the pharmacology of parahydroxybenzoic esters: the fate in the organism and toxicity","volume":"146","author":"Schuebel","year":"1929","journal-title":"Archives of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s001289900019","article-title":"Toxicological assessment of Tetrahymena of intermediates in aerobic microbial transformation of toluene and p-xylene","volume":"56","author":"Schultz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB265","unstructured":"SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances), 1972. GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) Food Ingredients\u2014Methyl and Propyl Paraben. NTIS PB221 209."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.7.3.349","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of lipophilic acids and related compounds on bacteria and mammalian cells","volume":"7","author":"Sheu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB268","first-page":"190","article-title":"Distribution studies of propyl parabens in an Aerobacter strain","volume":"17","author":"Shiralkar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB267","unstructured":"Shiralkar, N. D., Rege, D. V., Manjrekar, S. P., 1978. Mechanism of action of p-hydroxybenzoates. Indian Food Packer 32(2), 34\u201341."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB269","first-page":"467","article-title":"Adverse reactions to food and drug additives","volume":"97","author":"Simon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Progress Allergy Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB270","first-page":"289","article-title":"Toxicity and possible therapeutic application of the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid","volume":"14","author":"Simonelli","year":"1939","journal-title":"Bolletino Ital Biologia Sperimentale"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1978.tb04577.x","article-title":"Dermatitis due to parabens in cosmetic creams","volume":"4","author":"Simpson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1995.tb00137.x","article-title":"Patterns and rates of growth of microcosm dental plaque biofilms","volume":"10","author":"Sissons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Microbiology and Immunology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB273","first-page":"17","article-title":"Adverse reactions to food and drug additives","volume":"45","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB274","unstructured":"Smolinske, S. C., 1992. Parabens. In: Handbook of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Excipients. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 251\u2013258."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB275","unstructured":"Soehring, K., Klingmuller, O., Neuwald, F., 1959. Studies on the irritant action of some substances used as preservatives in ophthalmic solutions. Arzneimittel Forschung 9, 349\u2013351 (in German)."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB276","first-page":"89","article-title":"Recent developments in the preservations of pharmaceuticals","volume":"20","author":"Sokol","year":"1952","journal-title":"Drug Standards"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00162-9","article-title":"Safety assessment of propyl paraben: a review of the published literature","volume":"39","author":"Soni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(89)90166-2","article-title":"Preservatives in the vehicle of naloxone: pharmacological effects","volume":"43","author":"Soulioti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biomedicine and Phramacotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00017-4","article-title":"Evaluation of the EpiOcular\u2122 tissue model as an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test","volume":"12","author":"Stern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicology in vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB280","unstructured":"Stillmeadow (17 February 1978). Submission of unpublished data by CTFA. Rabbit eye irritation test of lotion CMP-6\u2013100 containing methyl and propyl paraben (CTFA Code No. 2\u20137-24)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039409374256","article-title":"Antimicrobial action of some GRAS compounds against Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Additives and Contaminants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(84)90127-3","article-title":"Kinetics of the degradation of methyl, ethyl and n-propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate esters in aqueous solution","volume":"19","author":"Sunderland","year":"1984","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(83)80518-6","article-title":"Assessment of allergy to local anesthetic","volume":"12","author":"Swanson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(84)90041-3","article-title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory chemicals:Alteration of macrophage function in vitro","volume":"76","author":"Tam","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1995.tb03267.x","article-title":"Effects of 2-hydroxy-\u03b2-cyclodextrin on percutaneous absorption of methyl paraben","volume":"47","author":"Tanaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(98)00071-X","article-title":"Interlaboratory validation of the in vitro eye irritation tests for cosmetic ingredients. (8) Evaluation of cytotoxicity tests on SIRC cells","volume":"13","author":"Tani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology in vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.8.1066","article-title":"Metabolism of drugs. XXIII. Metabolic fate of p-hyroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives in rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Tasukamoto","year":"1960","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.10.86","article-title":"Metabolism of drugs. XXVI. Metabolic fate of p-hyroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives in rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Tasukamoto","year":"1962","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.12.765","article-title":"Metabolism of drugs. XLVII. Metabolic fate of p-hyroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives in rabbits","volume":"12","author":"Tasukamoto","year":"1964","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"10\/11","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(86)90307-8","article-title":"The toxicological implications of the interaction of butylated hydroxytoluene with other antioxidants and phenolic chemicals","volume":"24","author":"Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB291","unstructured":"Thompson, D.P., 1994. Minimum inhibitory concentration of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (paraben) combination against toxigenic fungi. Journal of Food Protection 57(2), 133\u2013135, 145."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1159\/000251361","article-title":"Provocation tests with antiphlogistica and food additives in recurrent urticaria","volume":"151","author":"Thune","year":"1975","journal-title":"Dermatologica (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB293","series-title":"Volatile Compounds in Food. Database Software","year":"2000"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.49.6.1407-1411.1985","article-title":"Inhibition by antimicrobial food additives of Ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum","volume":"49","author":"Tong","year":"1985","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB295","first-page":"701","article-title":"Parabens as antimicrobial preservatives in creams","volume":"43","author":"Turakka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB296","first-page":"429","article-title":"Influence of solvents on paraben permeation through idealized skin model membranes","volume":"37","author":"Twist","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600770616","article-title":"Membrane-solvent-solute interaction in a model permeation system","volume":"77","author":"Twist","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600790108","article-title":"A model for alcohol-enhanced permeation through polydimethylsiloxane membranes","volume":"79","author":"Twist","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1974.tb06655.x","article-title":"The effect of folate antagonists on dihydrofolate reductase activity demonstrated cytochemically","volume":"28","author":"Tzortzatou","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Journal of Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB300","first-page":"406","article-title":"Biopharmaceutical quality of nasal medications: the influence of drugs and additives on ciliary movement","volume":"1","author":"Van de Donk","year":"1981","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus du Congres European Pipharm? Pharmacocinetics?"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870934","article-title":"The preservation of some oral liquid preparations\u2014the replacement of chloroform by other preservatives","volume":"16","author":"Van Doorne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacy World and Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02252.x","article-title":"Oral challenge with parabens in paraben-sensitive patients","volume":"34","author":"Veien","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb06117.x","article-title":"Challenge test battery in chronic urticaria","volume":"94","author":"Warin","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04156.x","article-title":"Chronic urticaria investigations with patch and challenge tests","volume":"8","author":"Warin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.24.224","article-title":"Selective inhibition of germination of Bacillus megaterium spores by alkyl p-hydroxybenzoates","volume":"24","author":"Watanabe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198312000-00011","article-title":"Electromechanical coupling in rat basilar artery in response to morphine","volume":"13","author":"Waters","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(89)90005-6","article-title":"Relationships between the resistance of yeasts to acetic, propanoic and benzoic acid and to methyl paraben and pH","volume":"8","author":"Warth","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB308","first-page":"525","article-title":"Subconjunctival injections. Preservative-related changes in the corneal endothelium","volume":"27","author":"Weinreb","year":"1986","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-170-41453","article-title":"Evidence from in vitro murine immunologic assays that some phenolic food additives may function as antipromoters by lowering intracellular cyclic GMP levels (41453)","volume":"170","author":"Wess","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-126-32514","article-title":"Stimulation of the growth of organ cultures by methyl and propyl parabens","volume":"126","author":"White","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197612000-00024","article-title":"Comparison of compounds used for intradermal anesthesia","volume":"45","author":"Wightman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.202.7.579","article-title":"Paraben contact dermatitis","volume":"202","author":"Wuepper","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00107-2_BIB314","first-page":"41","article-title":"Metabolism of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"19","author":"Zedan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Egypt Journal of Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691502001072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691502001072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T21:13:43Z","timestamp":1733519623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691502001072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":308,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278691502001072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0278-6915(02)00107-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}