{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T06:38:31Z","timestamp":1761892711940,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,7,1]],"date-time":"1984-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":457488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,7,1]],"date-time":"1984-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":457488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-595x(84)80021-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,30]],"date-time":"2005-03-30T07:19:15Z","timestamp":1112167155000},"page":"249-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Potassium and the heart"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Poole-Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013675","article-title":"The effects of heart rate on the action potential of guinea-pig and human ventricular muscle","volume":"313","author":"Attwell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib2","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension","volume":"i","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1139\/y73-074","article-title":"Biochemical basis of heart function. X. Reduction in Na\u2014K stimulation ATPase activity in failing rat heart due to hypoxia","volume":"51","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"1973","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib4","first-page":"50","article-title":"K-channels activated by loss of intracellular ATP in guinea-pig atrial cardioballs","volume":"348","author":"Bechem","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00012995-198010000-00001","article-title":"When do patients on diuretics need potassium replacement?","volume":"84","author":"Beeley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Advance Drug Reaction Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92624-6","article-title":"Beta-blockers or diuretic in hypertension. A six year follow-up of blood pressure and metabolic side-effects","volume":"i","author":"Berglund","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib7","first-page":"F257","article-title":"Extrarenal potassium homeostasis","volume":"240","author":"Bia","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib8","first-page":"52","article-title":"A simple model of ion concentration changes in the heart during repetitive activity","volume":"342","author":"Boyett","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.126.3.708","article-title":"On the effects of epinephrine on blood potassium","volume":"126","author":"Brewer","year":"1939","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198312083092303","article-title":"Beta-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine causes prolonged hypokalemia","volume":"309","author":"Brown","year":"1983","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib11","series-title":"The Cardioprotective Action of Beta-blockers","first-page":"11","article-title":"The pharmacological basis for a cardioprotective action of beta-blockers","author":"Brunner","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib12","first-page":"8","article-title":"Adaptation of the sodium pump to chronic potassium lack","volume":"316","author":"Cameron","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91893-7","article-title":"\u03b2-adrenoceptor blockers, plasma potassium and exercise","volume":"ii","author":"Carlsson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib14","first-page":"21","article-title":"Catecholamine induced myocardial potassium uptake: its relationship to adrenergic beta receptors","volume":"176","author":"Cingolani","year":"1968","journal-title":"Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Th\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1980.tb10868.x","article-title":"Beta 2-adrenoceptors mediate the stimulating effect of adrenaline on active electrogenic Na-K transport in rat soleus muscle","volume":"68","author":"Clausen","year":"1980","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.50.1.1","article-title":"K fluctuations in the extracellular spaces of cardiac muscle. Evidence from the voltage clamp and extracellular K-selective microelectrodes","volume":"50","author":"Cohen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/262657a0","article-title":"Cellular basis for the T wave of the electrocardiogram","volume":"262","author":"Cohen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109434","article-title":"Creatine kinase release, potassium-42 content, and mechanical performance in anoxic rabbit myocardium","volume":"64","author":"Conrad","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91532-4","article-title":"Plasma potassium during exercise","volume":"ii","author":"Corea","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5940.316","article-title":"Total body potassium in long-term frusemide therapy: is potassium supplementation necessary?","volume":"iv","author":"Dargie","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012539","article-title":"The intracellular sodium activity of cardiac Purkinje fibres during inhibition and reactivation of the Na-K pump","volume":"284","author":"Deitmer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib22","first-page":"413","article-title":"Interaction of a potassium sparing diuretic, amiloride, on the heart","volume":"21","author":"De Azevedo","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clinical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6020.1254","article-title":"Effect of triamterene on leucocyte sodium and potassium levels in heart disease","volume":"i","author":"Donaldson","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1936.sp003356","article-title":"The action of adrenaline on serum potassium","volume":"86","author":"D'Silva","year":"1935","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib25","first-page":"307","article-title":"Who needs potassium","volume":"iv","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib26","first-page":"469","article-title":"Potassium in heart failure","volume":"i","year":"1977","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib27","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Diuretics in the elderly","volume":"i","year":"1978","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib28","first-page":"1812","article-title":"On the action of triamterene on isolated cell membranes","volume":"26","author":"Erdmann","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneimittel Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib29","series-title":"Fourth interim report of the European Working Party on high blood pressure in the elderly: EWPHE. Antihypertensive therapy in patients above age 60 years","first-page":"2635","volume":"55","author":"EWPHE","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01908341","article-title":"Changes of extracellular Na, K, Ca, and H of the ischemic myocardium in pigs","volume":"76","author":"Friedrich","year":"1981","journal-title":"Basic Research in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013655","article-title":"Effects of acid-base changes on excitationcontraction coupling in guinea pig and cardiac ventricular muscle","volume":"313","author":"Fry","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/4.3.343","article-title":"Effects of diuretics on microsomal (Na,K)ATPase in the human heart and the rat heart and kidney","volume":"4","author":"Gibson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)32585-1","article-title":"Relationship of the sympatho-adrenal system to K flux and irritability induced by alterations in blood pH","volume":"40","author":"Goott","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058100900411","article-title":"Total body and serum potassium during treatment with atenolol in combination with chlorthalidone","volume":"9","author":"Gotzen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(77)80337-2","article-title":"Clinical toxicity of frusemide in hospitalised patients. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program","volume":"94","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32910-1","article-title":"Effects of low concentrations of ouabain on contractile force of isolated guinea-pig, rabbit and cat atria and right ventricular papillary muscles: an interinstitutional study","volume":"220","author":"Grupp","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib37","first-page":"631","article-title":"The effect of chronic frusemide administration on intracellular potassium, sodium and pH of cardiac and skeletal muscle","volume":"52","author":"Hall","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0600441","article-title":"Effect of chronic dietary potassium depletion and repletion on cardiac and skeletal muscle structure, electrolytes and pH in the rabbit","volume":"60","author":"Hall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90171-1","article-title":"Our national obsession with potassium","volume":"73","author":"Harrington","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300230028022","article-title":"Five year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. II. Mortality by race, sex and age","volume":"242","author":"HDFP","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.4.768","article-title":"Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K activity in swine","volume":"61","author":"Hill","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(80)90016-4","article-title":"Myocardial extracellular K and H increase and noradrenaline release as possible cause of early arrhythmias following acute coronary artery occlusion in pigs","volume":"12","author":"Hirche","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90530-1","article-title":"Diuretic-induced ventricular ectopic activity","volume":"70","author":"Holland","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib44","series-title":"Arrhythmias and Myocardial Infarction. The Role of Potassium","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cardiac arrythmias associated with diuretic induced hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia","volume":"Vol. 44","author":"Hollifield","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib45","first-page":"111","article-title":"Biphasic effects of cardiac glycosides on the sodium pump","volume":"62","author":"Hougen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1968.17.3.206","article-title":"The effect of furosemide, amiloride and glucose in potassium distribution in skeletal and cardiac muscle of the rat","volume":"17","author":"Irvine","year":"1968","journal-title":"Australasian Annals of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.67","article-title":"Diuretics and potassium metabolism: a reassessment of the need, effectiveness and safety of potassium therapy","volume":"11","author":"Kassirer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.52.4.442","article-title":"Resting membrane potential, extracellular potassium activity and intracellular sodium activity during acute global ischaemia in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts","volume":"52","author":"Kleber","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014127","article-title":"Effects of extracellular potassium accumulation and sodium pump activation on automatic canine purkinje fibres","volume":"324","author":"Kline","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.41.1.122","article-title":"Rate dependent change in extracellular potassium in rabbit atrium","volume":"41","author":"Kunze","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib51","first-page":"769","article-title":"Effects of hydrochlorothiazide on water, cation, and norepinephrine contents of cardiovascular tissues of renovascular dogs","volume":"147","author":"Kusumoto","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(83)90254-7","article-title":"The sodium pump log revisited","volume":"15","author":"Langer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.18.2.164","article-title":"Potassium in dog ventricular muscle: kinetic studies of distribution and effects of varying frequency of contraction and potassium concentration of perfusate","volume":"18","author":"Langer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(70)90029-5","article-title":"Effects of strophanthidin upon contraction and ionic exchange in rabbit ventricular myocardium: relation to control of active state","volume":"1","author":"Langer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.65.6.695","article-title":"Activities of potassium and sodium ions in rabbit heart muscle","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of General Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90987-9","article-title":"Propranolol, exercise and arterial plasma potassium","volume":"ii","author":"Lim","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6186.360","article-title":"Adverse reactions to frusemide in hospital inpatients","volume":"ii","author":"Lowe","year":"1979","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"Supplement III","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib58","first-page":"189","article-title":"Monitoring for serious arrhythmias and high risk of sudden death","volume":"52","author":"Lown","year":"1975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01488579","article-title":"Effects of antikaliuretic agents on cardiac electrophysiology\u2014measurements in papillary heart muscle and in Purkinje fibers","volume":"55","author":"Luderitz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib60","series-title":"Diuretics in Research and Clinics","first-page":"121","article-title":"Effects of diuretics on electrophysiological parameters of heart muscle cells","author":"Luderitz","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014321","article-title":"Enhancement of calcium current during digitalis inotropy in mammalian heart: positive feedback regulation by intracellular calcium","volume":"329","author":"Marban","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014260","article-title":"Activity-induced potassium accumulation and its uptake in frog ventricular muscle","volume":"328","author":"Martin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90002-2","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal lesions after potassium chloride supplements: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"ii","author":"McMahon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib64","first-page":"539","article-title":"Adverse reactions to bendrofluazide and propranolol for the treatment of mild hypertension","volume":"ii","author":"Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6401.1249","article-title":"Ventricular extrasystoles during thiazide treatment: substudy of MRC mild hypertension trial","volume":"287","author":"Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(68)90079-0","article-title":"Myocardial potassium exchange during respiratory acidosis: the interaction of carbon dioxide and sympathoadrenal discharge","volume":"5","author":"Mithoefer","year":"1968","journal-title":"Respiration Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.46.5.634","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of regional ischaemia, hypoxia, hyperkalaemia and acidosis on intracellular and extracellular potentials and metabolism in the isolated porcine","volume":"46","author":"Morena","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6218.905","article-title":"Hypokalaemia and diuretics: an analysis of publications","volume":"i","author":"Morgan","year":"1980","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330120023025","article-title":"Multiple risk factor intervention trial research group. Multiple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results","volume":"248","author":"MRFIT","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/305147a0","article-title":"ATP-regulated K channels in cardiac muscle","volume":"305","author":"Noma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"year":"1979","series-title":"The Initiation of the Heart Beat","author":"Noble","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib71"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/14.9.495","article-title":"Review: mechanism of action of therapeutic levels of cardiac glycosides","volume":"9","author":"Noble","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.50.6.525","article-title":"Hypokalaemia and ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"50","author":"Nordrehaug","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)05289-9","article-title":"The effect of sympathomimetic amines on arterial plasma potassium and cardiac rhythm in anaesthetised dogs","volume":"169","author":"O'Brien","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.63.4.817","article-title":"Reduced coronary dilatory capacity and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium in patients with angina pectoris but normal coronary angiograms","volume":"63","author":"Opherk","year":"1981","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.1.1","article-title":"Reduction of coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension and normal coronary arteries","volume":"69","author":"Opherk","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90523-4","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyperkalaemia in uncomplicated systemic hypertension: effect of plasma potassium correction in cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"52","author":"Papademetriou","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.42.2.205","article-title":"The effects of ischaemia and alterations of heart rate on myocardial potassium balance in man","volume":"42","author":"Parker","year":"1970","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib79","first-page":"137","article-title":"Hyperkalaemia induced by thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension: a cause for concern not nihilism","volume":"59","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib80","first-page":"1798","article-title":"Ventricular extrasystoles during thiazide treatment","volume":"ii","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.5.1305","article-title":"Intracellular pH and K of cardiac and skeletal muscle in acidosis and alkalosis","volume":"229","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570","article-title":"Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium","volume":"229","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib83","first-page":"4","article-title":"Hypokalaemia: is it a wolf in sheep's clothing?","volume":"4","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Medicine, Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib84","first-page":"555","article-title":"Acute effects of diuretics on potassium exchange, mechanical function and the action potential in rabbit myocardium","volume":"55","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0570415","article-title":"Effect of ouabain in therapeutic concentrations on K exchange and contraction of human and rabbit myocardium","volume":"57","author":"Poole-Wilson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1042\/cs066068P_pt2","article-title":"The effect of digoxin on adrenaline induced hypokalaemia in rabbits","volume":"66","author":"Price","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib87","first-page":"H537","article-title":"Dissociation of energetic state and potassium loss from anoxic myocardium","volume":"235","author":"Rau","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib88","first-page":"H85","article-title":"Potassium exchange and mechanical performance in anoxic mammalian myocardium","volume":"232","author":"Rau","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(82)92122-1","article-title":"Hypokalaemia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"49","author":"Salerno","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(63)90066-4","article-title":"Potassium changes in the heart during homeometric autoregulation and acetyl strophonthidin","volume":"34","author":"Sarnoff","year":"1963","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90157-X","article-title":"Cardiac effects of diuretic drugs","volume":"89","author":"Seller","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90257-4","article-title":"Increasing the inotropic effect and toxic dose of digitalis by the administration of antikaliuretic drugs","volume":"90","author":"Seller","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311012891805","article-title":"Digitalis","volume":"289","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311082891905","article-title":"Digitalis","volume":"289","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib93_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311152892005","article-title":"Digitalis","volume":"289","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib93_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311222892106","article-title":"Digitalis","volume":"289","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01189.x","article-title":"Adrenaline, anti-adrenaline drugs and potassium movements in rabbit auricles","volume":"19","author":"Stafford","year":"1962","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92140-2","article-title":"Prior thiazide diuretic treatment increases adrenaline-induced hypokalaemia","volume":"i","author":"Struthers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0650143","article-title":"The effects of cardioselective and non-selective \u03b2-adrenoceptor blockade on the hypokalaemic and cardiovascular responses to adrenomedullary hormones in man","volume":"65","author":"Struthers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.49.1.90","article-title":"Effect of intravenous adrenaline on electrocardiogram, blood pressure and serum potassium","volume":"49","author":"Struthers","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/cs062001P","article-title":"Adrenaline, hypokalaemia and cardiac arrythmias: effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists","volume":"62","author":"Struthers","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.202.5.905","article-title":"Effect of chlorothiazide on renal juxtoaglomerular cells and tissue electrolytes","volume":"202","author":"Tobian","year":"1962","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib100","first-page":"300","article-title":"Effect of hyperkalaemia as local changes of repolarisation duration in canine left ventricle","volume":"23","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Japanese Heart Journal, Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1965.208.4.770","article-title":"Cardiac pacemaker potentials at different extra- and intracellular K concentrations","volume":"208","author":"Vassalle","year":"1965","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(63)90002-4","article-title":"Effect of longterm treatment with hydrochlorothiazide on water and electrolytes of muscle in hypertensive subjects","volume":"65","author":"Villamil","year":"1963","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(76)80415-2","article-title":"Cardiac actions of kaliuretics and antikaliuretics without digitalis","volume":"92","author":"Walter","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib104","first-page":"177","article-title":"Potassium homeostasis in cardiac muscle during chronic potassium depletion","volume":"12","author":"Ward","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib105","first-page":"118","article-title":"Myocardial potassium loss during tachycardia, pacing induced ischaemia and coronary occlusion in man","volume":"51","author":"Webb","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.50.2.146","article-title":"Coronary sinus potassium concentration recorded during coronary angioplasty","volume":"50","author":"Webb","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24P","DOI":"10.1042\/cs065024Pb","article-title":"Evidence that myocardial potassium loss during ischaemia in man precedes electrocardiographic changes and chest pain","volume":"65","author":"Webb","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.50.4.395","article-title":"High potassium concentration in a parenteral preparation of glyceryl trinitrate. Need for caution if given by intracoronary injection","volume":"50","author":"Webb","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43P","DOI":"10.1042\/cs064043Pa","article-title":"Extracellular potassium accumulation during ischaemia in the rabbit heart; lack of a correlation with contractile failure","volume":"64","author":"Webb","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1972136868","article-title":"Intravenous triamterene in the treatment of acute digitalis intoxication","volume":"13","author":"Weber","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib111","first-page":"820","article-title":"Effect of chlorothiazide on blood pressure and electrolytes of normotensive and hypertensive rats","volume":"112","author":"Weller","year":"1963"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(81)90277-7","article-title":"Extracellular potassium accumulation during myocardial ischemia: implications for arrhythmogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Weiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib113","first-page":"H619","article-title":"Extracellular K accumulation during myocardial ischemia in isolated rabbit heart","volume":"242","author":"Weiss","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/13.5.297","article-title":"Extracellular potassium activity changes with canine myocardium after acute coronary occlusion and the influence of blockade","volume":"13","author":"Wiegand","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92432-0","article-title":"Total body and serum potassium during prolonged thiazide therapy for essential hypertension","volume":"i","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300595X84800213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0300595X84800213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:48:05Z","timestamp":1759538885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0300595X84800213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0300595X84800213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0300-595x(84)80021-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-595X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-595X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Potassium and the heart","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0300-595X(84)80021-3","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1984 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}