{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:14:56Z","timestamp":1778559296000,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers & Operations Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0305-0548(99)00065-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T00:01:24Z","timestamp":1027641684000},"page":"461-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fast, efficient and accurate solutions to the Hamiltonian path problem using neural approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"\u0130.Kuban","family":"Altinel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Necati","family":"Aras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.John","family":"Oommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.3.4.376","article-title":"TSPLIB \u2013 a traveling salesman problem library","volume":"3","author":"Reinelt","year":"1991","journal-title":"ORSA Journal on Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadimitriou CH, The Euclidean traveling salesman problem is NP-complete. Theoretical Computer Science. 1978; 4:237\u201344.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(77)90012-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB3","unstructured":"Lawler EL, Lenstra JK, Rinnooy Kan AHG, Shmoys DB, editors. The traveling salesman problem: a guided tour of combinatorial optimization. Chichester: Wiley, 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB4","unstructured":"Reinelt G. The traveling salesman. Computational solutions for TSP applications. Berlin: Springer, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.21.2.498","article-title":"An effective heuristic algorithm for the traveling salesman problem","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB6","unstructured":"Cichocki A, Unbehauen R. Neural Networks for Optimization and Signal Processing. Chichester: Wiley, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB7","unstructured":"Johnson DS, McGeoch LA. The traveling salesman problem: a case study. In: Aarts E, Lenstra JK, Local search in combinatorial optimization. Chichester: Wiley, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.5.4.328","article-title":"The traveling salesman problem: a neural network perspective","volume":"5","author":"Potvin","year":"1993","journal-title":"ORSA Journal on Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oommen BJ, Aras N, Altinel K. Solving the travelling salesman problem using the Kohonen network incorporating explicit statistics. Preliminary version found in Proceedings of WIRN\/VIETRI-98, the Tenth Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, Vietri Sul Mare, Italy, May 1998. p. 273\u201382. The complete paper is to appear in Neural Networks.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0811-5_29"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB10","unstructured":"Ascheuer N. Hamiltonian path problems in the on-line optimization of flexible manufacturing systems. Technical Report No. TR 96-3, ZIB, Berlin, Germany, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waterman MS. Introduction to computational biology. Cambridge: Chapman & Hall, 1995.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-6846-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(94)90067-1","article-title":"Easing the Conscience of the guilty net","volume":"21","author":"Jeffries","year":"1994","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(88)90002-0","article-title":"Self-organizing feature maps and the traveling salesman problem","volume":"1","author":"Ang\u00e9niol","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339943","article-title":"Neural computation of decisions in optimization problems","volume":"52","author":"Hopfield","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biological Cybernetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80232","article-title":"A theoretical investigation into the performance of the Hopfield model","volume":"1","author":"Aiyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/326689a0","article-title":"An analogue approach to the traveling salesman problem using an elastic net method","volume":"326","author":"Durbin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/1\/1\/007","article-title":"Statistical mechanics as the underlying theory of elastic and neural optimization","volume":"1","author":"Simic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02430366","article-title":"A hierarchical strategy for solving traveling salesman problem using elastic nets","volume":"2","author":"Vakhutinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Heuristics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MASSP.1984.1162229","article-title":"Vector Quantization","volume":"1","author":"Gray","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE ASSP Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/5.58325","article-title":"The self-organizing map","volume":"78","author":"Kohonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohonen T, Self-organizing maps. Berlin: Springer, 1995.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-97610-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linde Y, Buzo A, Gray RM. An Algorithm for Vector Quantization, IEEE Trans. Communication 1980; COM-28, 61\u201371.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1980.1094577"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1985.13340","article-title":"Vector quantization in speech coding","volume":"73","author":"Makhoul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proceedings of IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB24","unstructured":"Duda RO, Hart PE. Pattern classification and scene analysis. Chichester: Wiley, 1973."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukunaga K. Introduction to statistical pattern recognition, 2nd ed., San Diego: Academic Press, 1990.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-047865-4.50007-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB26","first-page":"401","article-title":"A comparative study of the Kohonen self-organizing map and the elastic net","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80310","article-title":"Asymptotic level density for a class of vector quantization processes","volume":"2","author":"Ritter","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1982.1056490","article-title":"Asymptotic quantization of error of continuous signals and the quantization dimension","volume":"28","author":"Zador","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Information Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB29","unstructured":"Kohonen T, Makisara K, Saramaki T. Phonotic maps \u2013 insightful representation of phonological features for speech recognition. Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1984. p. 182\u20135."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohonen T, Torkkola K, Shozokai M, Kangas J, Venta O. Microprocessor implementation of a large vocabulary speech recognizer and phonetic typewriter for Finnish and Japanese. Proceedings of European Conference of Speech Technology, 1987. p. 377\u201380.","DOI":"10.21437\/ECST.1987-82"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/2.28","article-title":"The neural phonotic typewriter","volume":"21","author":"Kohonen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB32","unstructured":"Samarabandu JK, Jakubowicz OE. Principles of sequential feature maps in multi-level problems. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN-90-WASH-DC II-683\u2013II-686, 1990."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB33","unstructured":"Orlando GA, Mann R, Haykin S. Radar classification of sea-ice using traditional and neural classifiers. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN-90-WASH-DC, 1990. p. II-263\u2013II-266."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB34","unstructured":"Neumann EK, Wheeler DA, Burnside AS, Bernstein AS, Hall JC. A technique for the classification and analysis of insect courtship song. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN-90-WASH-DC, 1990. p. II-257\u2013II-262."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB35","unstructured":"Marks KM, Goser KF. Analysis of VLSI process data based on self-organizing feature maps. Proceedings of Nuero-Nimes\u201988, 1988. p. 337\u201347."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB36","first-page":"407","article-title":"Selbst-organizierende Karten Als Lernende Klassifizierende Speicher","volume":"102","author":"Tryba","year":"1988","journal-title":"IFG Fachbericht"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB37","unstructured":"Hemani A, Postula A. Scheduling by self organization. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN-90-WASH-DC, 1990. p. II-543\u2013II-548."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graf DH, Lalonde WR. A neural controller for collision-free movement of general robot manipulators. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 1988. p. 177\u201384.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1988.23831"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graf DH, Lalonde WR. Neuroplanners for hand\/eye coordination. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1989. p. II-543\u2013II-548.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1989.118296"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80212","article-title":"Three-dimensional neural net for learning visuomotor coordination of a robot arm","volume":"1","author":"Martinetz","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90001-4","article-title":"Topology conserving maps learning visuomotor coordination","volume":"2","author":"Ritter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Network"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritter HJ, Schulten KJ. Topology conserving mapping for learning motor tasks. Proceedings of Neural Networks for Computing, AIP Conference, 1986. p. 376\u201380.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.36242"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritter HJ, Schulten KJ. Extending Kohonen's self-organizing mapping to learn ballistic movements. NATOASI Series, 1988. p. 393\u2013406.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83740-1_40"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fort JC. Solving a combinatorial problem via self-organizing process: an application of the Kohonen algorithm to the traveling salesman problem. Biological Cybernetics 59:33\u201340.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00336888"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hueter GJ. Solution of the traveling salesman problem with an adaptive ring. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, San Diego, CA, 1988. p. I-85\u201392.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1988.23832"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ritter HJ, Schulten KJ. Kohonen's self-organizing maps: exploring their computational capabilities. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1988. p. 2455\u201360.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1988.23838"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(92)90047-9","article-title":"The guilty net for the traveling salesman problem","volume":"19","author":"Burke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(94)90045-0","article-title":"Neural methods for the traveling salesman problem: insights from operations research","volume":"7","author":"Burke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(95)00017-G","article-title":"Conscientious\u2019 neural nets for tour construction in the traveling salesman problem: the vigilant net","volume":"23","author":"Burke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1996.8.2.416","article-title":"A self-organizing neural network for the traveling salesman problem that is competitive with simulated annealing","volume":"8","author":"Budinich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB51","unstructured":"Budinich M, Rosario B. A neural network for the traveling salesman problem with a well behaved energy function In: Ellacott SW, Mason JC, Anderson IJ, editors. Mathematics of Neural Networks, Models, Algorithms and Applications. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB52","unstructured":"Ascheuer N. Private communication. 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305004100015681","article-title":"Limiting forms of the frequency distribution of the largest or smallest number of a sample","volume":"24","author":"Fisher","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proceedings of Cambridge Philosophical Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.33.5.1024","article-title":"Using confidence limits for the global optimum in combinatorial optimization","volume":"33","author":"Derigs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golden B, Alt FB. Interval estimation of a global optimum for large combinatorial problems. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 1979;26:69\u201377.","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800260108"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB56","unstructured":"Golden B, Stewart WR. Empirical analysis of heuristics. In: Lawler EL, Lenstra JK, Rinnooy Kan AHG, Shmoys DB, editors. The traveling salesman problem: a guided tour of combinatorial optimization. Chichester: Wiley, 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(82)90030-3","article-title":"Combinatorial programming, statistical optimization and the optimal transportation network problem","volume":"16B","author":"Los","year":"1982","journal-title":"Transactions Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.25.11.1149","article-title":"Extended pattern search with transformation for the three\u2013parameter Weibull MLE problem","volume":"25","author":"Zanakis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/66.2.367","article-title":"Statistical inference for bounds of random variables","volume":"66","author":"Cooke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.23.12.1273","article-title":"Estimating optimal solutions for large combinatorial problems","volume":"23","author":"Dannenbring","year":"1977","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00949657908810302","article-title":"A simulation study of some simple estimators of the three-parameter Weibull distribution","volume":"9","author":"Zanakis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00065-9_BIB62","unstructured":"Hertz J, Krogh A, Palmer RG. Introduction to the theory of neural computation. A Lecture Notes Volume in the Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1991."}],"container-title":["Computers & Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305054899000659?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0305054899000659?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T01:43:50Z","timestamp":1733449430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0305054899000659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0305054899000659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0305-0548(99)00065-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-0548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-0548","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}