{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:05:26Z","timestamp":1759961126330,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4573(01)00023-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T21:19:03Z","timestamp":1027631943000},"page":"1-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Improving the retrieval effectiveness of very short queries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Carolyn J","family":"Crouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donald B","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven J","family":"Holtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckley, C., Salton, G., & Allan, J. (1993). Automatic retrieval with locality information using Smart. In Proceedings of the first text retrieval conference (TREC-1) (pp. 50\u201372). NIST Special Publication 500-207","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-215.adhoc-cornell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB2","unstructured":"Chen, Q. (1999). Improving the retrieval effectiveness of very short queries. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Minnesota Duluth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00017-5","article-title":"Relevance ranking for one to three term queries","volume":"36","author":"Clarke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB4","unstructured":"Crouch, C., Crouch, D., & Chen, Q. (2000). Initial experiments in short query retrieval. Technical Report 00-01, University of Minnesota Duluth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199101)42:1<7::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"How effective is suffixing?","volume":"42","author":"Harman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1145\/281250.281253","article-title":"Real life information retrieval: A study of user queries on the web","volume":"32","author":"Jansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"SIGIR Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwok, K., & Chan, M. (1998). Improving two-stage ad hoc retrieval for short queries. In Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on research and development in information retrieval (pp. 250\u2013256)","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.291003"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra, M., Singhal, A., & Buckley, C. (1998). Improving automatic query expansion. In Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on research and development in information retrieval (pp. 206\u2013214)","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.290995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose, D., & Steven, C. (1996). V-Twin, a lightweight engine for interactive use. In Proceedings of the fifth text retrieval conference (TREC-5) (pp. 279\u2013290). NIST Special Publication 500-238","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-238.adhoc-Apple"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1145\/331403.331405","article-title":"Analysis of a very large web search engine query log","volume":"33","author":"Silverstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"SIGIR Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singhal, A. (1998). AT&T at TREC-6. In Proceedings of the sixth text retrieval conference (TREC-6) (pp. 215\u2013226). NIST Special Publication 500-240","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-242.sdr-ATT"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singhal, A. (1999). AT&T at TREC-7. In Proceedings of the seventh text retrieval conference (TREC-7) (pp. 239\u2013252). NIST Special Publication 500-242","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-246.sdr-ATT"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB13","unstructured":"Wang, X. (1998). Experiments on generating improved queries for the world wide web. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Duluth"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00023-1_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, R., Zobel, J., & Sacks-Davis, R. (1995). Similarity measures for short queries. In Proceedings of the fourth text retrieval conference (TREC-4) (pp. 277\u2013285). NIST Special Publication 500-236","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.500-236.spanish-citri"}],"container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457301000231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457301000231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T13:06:55Z","timestamp":1733404015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457301000231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457301000231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4573(01)00023-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-4573"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}