{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T16:15:29Z","timestamp":1760976929624},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4573(99)00048-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T14:21:21Z","timestamp":1027606881000},"page":"133-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Passage-based query refinement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gordon V.","family":"Cormack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles L.A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samuel S.L.","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)00057-A","article-title":"Combining evidence of multiple query representations for information retrieval","volume":"31","author":"Belkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Interactive substring retrieval","author":"Clarke","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB3","first-page":"279","article-title":"Schema-independent retrieval from heterogeneous structured text","author":"Clarke","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB4","first-page":"295","article-title":"Shortest substring ranking","author":"Clarke","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB5","first-page":"388","article-title":"Relevance ranking for one to three term queries","author":"Clarke","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB6","first-page":"282","article-title":"Efficient construction of large test collections","author":"Cormack","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB7","first-page":"19","article-title":"Providing government information on the Internet: Experiences with THOMAS","author":"Croft","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB8","first-page":"267","article-title":"Analyses of multiple evidence combination","author":"Lee","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB9","first-page":"311","article-title":"Some simple effective approximations to the 2-Poisson method for probabalistic weighted retrieval","author":"Robertson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB10","first-page":"109","article-title":"Okapi at TREC-3","author":"Robertson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB11","first-page":"279","article-title":"V-twin: a lightweight engine for interactive use","author":"Rose","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB12","first-page":"315","article-title":"Variations in relevance judgements and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness","author":"Voorhees","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB13","first-page":"277","article-title":"Similarity measures for short queries","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1995"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00048-5_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199310)44:9<532::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Chinese text segmentation for text retrieval: achievements and problems","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"}],"container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457399000485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457399000485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T18:53:07Z","timestamp":1556045587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457399000485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457399000485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4573(99)00048-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}