{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T10:59:51Z","timestamp":1772362791318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers & Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-1315(03)00049-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,16]],"date-time":"2003-07-16T13:35:31Z","timestamp":1058362531000},"page":"271-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["College student Web use, perceptions of information credibility, and verification behavior"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Miriam J","family":"Metzger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Flanagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Zwarun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB1","series-title":"Teaching in the information age: the role of educational technology","first-page":"7","article-title":"Instructional technology and the faculty member","author":"Albright","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB2","series-title":"Web wisdom: how to evaluate and create information quality on the Web","author":"Alexander","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529409378969","article-title":"Electronic network resources for communication scholars","volume":"43","author":"Benson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529409378967","article-title":"Electronic discussion groups","volume":"43","author":"Berge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/107769580005500102","article-title":"Using the World Wide Web to teach writing online","volume":"55","author":"Blake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journalism and Mass Communication Educator"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB6","first-page":"44","article-title":"Evaluating information on the Internet","volume":"16","author":"Brandt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computers in Libraries"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB7","first-page":"391","article-title":"The importance of critical thinking for student use of the Internet","volume":"34","author":"Browne","year":"2000","journal-title":"College Student Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/0013124592024004006","article-title":"Media literacy","volume":"24","author":"Cortes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Education and Urban Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900007700304","article-title":"Perceptions of Internet information credibility","volume":"77","author":"Flanagin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/27.1.153","article-title":"Internet use in the contemporary media environment","volume":"27","author":"Flanagin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/107769908606300301","article-title":"Measuring the concept of credibility","volume":"63","author":"Gaziano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB13","series-title":"Digital literacy","author":"Gilster","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/107769589605100204","article-title":"Integration of Internet resources into curriculum and instruction","volume":"51","author":"Gunaratne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Educator"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB15","series-title":"An Internet education: a guide to doing research on the Internet","author":"Harris","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/107769589905400104","article-title":"Using a web-based interactive test as a learning tool","volume":"54","author":"Hester","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Educator"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909807500208","article-title":"Cruising is believing? Comparing Internet and traditional sources on media credibility measures","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB18","series-title":"Exploring the Internet: using critical thinking skills","author":"Jones","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB19","unstructured":"Lubans, J. (1998, April). How first-year university students use and regard Internet resources. Available from Duke University Libraries Web site: www.lib.duke.edu\/staff\/orgnztn\/lubans\/docs\/1styear\/firstyear.htm (accessed may 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB20","unstructured":"Lubans, J. (1999, May). Students and the Internet. Available from Duke University Libraries Web site: www.lib.duke.edu\/staff\/orgnztn\/lubans\/docs\/study3.htm (accessed may 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB21","series-title":"Lethargy \u201896: how the media covered a listless campaign","author":"Mashek","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529409378973","article-title":"Benefits of computer-mediated communication in college courses","volume":"43","author":"McComb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/107769908806500301","article-title":"Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers","volume":"65","author":"Meyer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB24","series-title":"The reconfigured eye: visual truth in the post-photographic era","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB25","unstructured":"National Telecommunications and Information Administration (2000). Falling through the Net: toward digital inclusion. A report on Americans' access to technology tools. Available from US Department of Commerce Web site: www.ntia.doc.gov\/ntiahome\/digitaldivide\/ [accessed January 2003]."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB26","unstructured":"National Telecommunications and Information Administration (1999). Falling through the Net: Defining the digital divide. Retrieved May, 2000 from US Department of Commerce Web site: www.ntia.doc.gov\/ntiahome\/fttn99\/execsummary.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/107769908906600202","article-title":"Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news","volume":"66","author":"Newhagen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB28","first-page":"6","article-title":"Web of lies: hoaxes, jokes, fakery, fraud: your online credibility faces an uphill battle","author":"Null","year":"2000","journal-title":"PC\/Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odell, P., Korgen, K., Schumacher, P., & DeLucchi, M. (2000). Internet use among male and female college students. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3(5), 855\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1089\/10949310050191836"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1108\/10662249810211593","article-title":"Internet use by university students","volume":"8","author":"Perry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB30","unstructured":"Pew Research Center (15 September, 2002). The Internet goes to college: how students are living in the future with today's technology. Available: www.pewinternet.org\/reports\/pdfs\/PIP_College_Report.pdf (accessed January 2002)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB31","unstructured":"Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (14 January 1999). The Internet news audience goes ordinary. Available: www.people-press.org\/tech98sum.htm (accessed July 1999)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB33","first-page":"279","article-title":"Understanding judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the WWW","volume":"35","author":"Rieh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/107769908706400104","article-title":"Different questions, different answers? Media use and credibility","volume":"64","author":"Rimmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB35","series-title":"Diffusion of innovations","author":"Rogers","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529409378972","article-title":"Uncle Sam online","volume":"43","author":"Ryan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/089443939901700206","article-title":"Teaching strategy and assignment design","volume":"17","author":"Shackleford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/107769907305000213","article-title":"Media credibility","volume":"50","author":"Shaw","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529909379171","article-title":"A review and assessment of national educational trends in communication instruction","volume":"48","author":"Shelton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Communication Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB40","unstructured":"Smith, A, G. (1998, September). Evaluation of information sources. Available: www.vuw.ac.nz\/\u223cagsmith\/evaln\/evaln.htm (accessed July 1999)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/107769589905400102","article-title":"How accredited programs use the World Wide Web","volume":"54","author":"Sutherland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Educator"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB44","first-page":"29","article-title":"Surfing for the suckers","volume":"156","author":"Ward","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909407100115","article-title":"Validating a scale for the measurement of credibility","volume":"71","author":"West","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(03)00049-6_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/03634529809379120","article-title":"Introduction to computer-mediated communication","volume":"47","author":"Witmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Communication Education"}],"container-title":["Computers & Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131503000496?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131503000496?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]],"date-time":"2019-03-17T13:53:21Z","timestamp":1552830801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360131503000496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360131503000496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-1315(03)00049-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}