{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:05:45Z","timestamp":1779120345558,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers & Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0360-1315(97)00003-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T08:08:22Z","timestamp":1027584502000},"page":"93-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An intelligent tutoring system for introductory C language course"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.S.","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.H.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.Y.","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB1","series-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB2","series-title":"Automatic Program Debugging for Intelligent Tutoring Systems","author":"Murray","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB3","series-title":"PRICAI 92","first-page":"638","article-title":"Exbug: an automatic debugger by plan matching and program execution","author":"Song","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB4","unstructured":"Hahn, S.-H., Automatic problem description from model program for knowledge-based programming tutor. Automated Software Engineering. In press."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB5","article-title":"Curriculum description and design of tutoring module for programming tutoring system","author":"Tak","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB6","series-title":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems","article-title":"The genetic graph: a representation for the evolution of procedural knowledge","author":"Goldstein","year":"1982"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1145\/6592.6593","article-title":"The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming","volume":"29","author":"Anderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB8","series-title":"Intention-Based Diagnosis of Novice Programming Errors","author":"Johnson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB9","article-title":"A reverse engineering approach to novice program analysis","author":"Vanneste","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB10","series-title":"Proc. the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering","first-page":"1","article-title":"A cognitive approach to program understanding","author":"Bertels","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB11","first-page":"179","article-title":"PROUST: an automatic debugger for Pascal programs","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Byte"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00169.x","article-title":"Automatic program debugging for intelligent tutoring systems","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"1987","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(76)90022-9","article-title":"Intelligent program analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ruth","year":"1976","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB14","series-title":"Proceedings of the Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"693","article-title":"Alpus: a program understanding system by means of algorithm-based programming knowledge","author":"Ueno","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010248","article-title":"Program slicing","volume":"10","author":"Weiser","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB16","series-title":"Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering","first-page":"126","article-title":"A hybrid approach to recognizing programming plans","author":"Quilici","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB17","series-title":"Empirical Studies of Programmers","first-page":"28","article-title":"Plans in programming: definition, demonstration, and development","author":"Rist","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB18","series-title":"C Language Easy to Learn","author":"Lee","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00003-1_BIB19","series-title":"The Programmer's Apprentice","author":"Rich","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Computers & Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131597000031?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131597000031?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T20:58:48Z","timestamp":1556657928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360131597000031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360131597000031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0360-1315(97)00003-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}}}