{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:02:58Z","timestamp":1777608178792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-2217(01)00254-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]],"date-time":"2002-10-14T15:56:01Z","timestamp":1034610961000},"page":"392-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Credit risk assessment using a multicriteria hierarchical discrimination approach: A comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Doumpos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kosmidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Baourakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Zopounidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2307\/2978933","article-title":"Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy","volume":"23","author":"Altman","year":"1968","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4266(97)00036-8","article-title":"Credit risk measurement: Developments over the last 20 years","volume":"21","author":"Altman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Banking and Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB3","article-title":"Application of classification techniques in business, banking and finance","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Altman","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4266(98)00062-4","article-title":"Detecting the risk of company failure at the Banque de France","volume":"22","author":"Bardos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Banking and Finance"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB5","first-page":"16","article-title":"The evaluation of corporate loan applications based on the MCDA","volume":"2","author":"Bergeron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Euro-Asian Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB6","unstructured":"Casey, M., McGee, V., Stinkey, C., 1986. Discriminating between reorganized and liquidated firms in bankruptcy. The Accounting Review, April, pp. 249\u2013262"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5957.1978.tb01059.x","article-title":"Modelling a financial ratios categoric framework","volume":"5","author":"Courtis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Business Finance and Accounting"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB8","first-page":"254","article-title":"Probit and discriminant factors for classifying credit applicants: A comparison","volume":"33","author":"Grablowsky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Economics and Business"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacquet-Lagr\u00e8ze, E., 1995. An application of the UTA discriminant model for the evaluation of R&D projects. In: Pardalos, P.M., Siskos, Y., Zopounidis, C. (Eds.), Advances in Multicriteria Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 203\u2013211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2383-0_13"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(82)90155-2","article-title":"Assessing a set of additive utility functions for multicriteria decision making: The UTA method","volume":"10","author":"Jacquet-Lagr\u00e8ze","year":"1982","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0483(90)90020-A","article-title":"Multilogit approach to predicting corporate failure: Further analysis and the issue of signal consistency","volume":"18","author":"Keasey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.2307\/2330069","article-title":"Submarginal credit risk classification","volume":"7","author":"Lane","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Financial and Qualitative Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008210427517","article-title":"Inferring an ELECTRE-TRI model from assignment examples","volume":"12","author":"Mousseau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2307\/2490395","article-title":"Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy","volume":"18","author":"Ohlson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5957.1990.tb00554.x","article-title":"Current cost accounting ratios as predictors of business failure: The Swedish case","volume":"17","author":"Skogsvik","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Business Finance and Accounting"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2307\/2328378","article-title":"Credit granting: A comparative analysis of classification procedures","volume":"XLII\/3","author":"Srinivasan","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(90)90194-G","article-title":"CGX: An expert support system for credit granting","volume":"45","author":"Srinivasan","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5957.1996.tb01149.x","article-title":"Financial distress and corporate acquisitions: Further empirical evidence","volume":"23","author":"Theodossiou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Business Finance and Accounting"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB19","unstructured":"Yu, W., 1992. ELECTRE TRI: Aspects methodologiques et manuel d'utilization. Document du Lamsade, no 74, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Dauphine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5957.1985.tb00077.x","article-title":"Assessing the vulnerability to failure of American industrial firms: A logistic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zavgren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Business Finance and Accounting"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB21","first-page":"45","article-title":"A multicriteria decision making methodology for the evaluation of the risk of failure and an application","volume":"12","author":"Zopounidis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Foundations of Control Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008713823812","article-title":"A multicriteria decision aid methodology for sorting decision problems: The case of financial distress","volume":"14","author":"Zopounidis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computational Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00254-5_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/10556780008805801","article-title":"Building additive utilities for multi-group hierarchical discrimination: The M.H.DIS method","volume":"14","author":"Zopounidis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optimization Methods and Software"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221701002545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221701002545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]],"date-time":"2019-04-28T07:56:30Z","timestamp":1556438190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377221701002545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377221701002545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(01)00254-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}