{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:30:55Z","timestamp":1779233455391,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-2217(01)00347-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]],"date-time":"2002-10-14T15:56:01Z","timestamp":1034610961000},"page":"595-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non-uniform random variate generation by the vertical strip method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"W.K.","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.H.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.H.","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.K.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1145\/355604.361593","article-title":"Computer methods for sampling from the exponential and normal distributions","volume":"15","author":"Ahrens","year":"1972","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02293108","article-title":"Computer methods for sampling from gamma, beta, Poisson, and binomial distributions","volume":"12","author":"Ahrens","year":"1974","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1145\/50087.50094","article-title":"Efficient table-free sampling method for the exponential, Cauchy and normal distributions","volume":"31","author":"Ahrens","year":"1988","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB4","first-page":"137","article-title":"A convenient sampling method with bounded computation times for Poisson distributions","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Ahrens","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177706645","article-title":"A note on the generation of random normal deviates","volume":"29","author":"Box","year":"1958","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/05695557408974949","article-title":"On generating random variates from an empirical distribution","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"1974","journal-title":"AIIE Transactions"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB7","series-title":"Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation","author":"Chen","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/2347200","article-title":"Some simple gamma variate generators","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"1979","journal-title":"Applied Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB9","series-title":"Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation","author":"Devroye","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02307716","article-title":"A simple generator for discrete log-concave distributions","volume":"39","author":"Devroye","year":"1987","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB11","first-page":"281","volume":"35","author":"Fang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Generation of multivariate distributions by vertical density representation. Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB12","series-title":"Random Number Generation and Monte Carlo Methods","author":"Gentle","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB13","series-title":"Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice","author":"Gilks","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2307\/2347565","article-title":"Adaptive rejection sampling for Gibbs sampling","volume":"41","author":"Gilks","year":"1992","journal-title":"Applied Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB15","series-title":"Markov chain Monte Carlo: Stochastic Simulation for Bayesian Inference","author":"Gamerman","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/57.1.97","article-title":"Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications","volume":"57","author":"Hastings","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02243398","article-title":"A universal generator for discrete log-concave distributions","volume":"52","author":"H\u00f6rmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB18","series-title":"EMS97, Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Simulation Technologies","first-page":"139","article-title":"An automatic generator for a large class of unimodal discrete distributions","author":"H\u00f6rmann","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB19","unstructured":"IMSL, 1991. FORTRAN Subroutines for Statistical Analysis. IMSL Inc., TX, USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9884.00180","article-title":"Non-smooth sailing or triangular distributions revisited after some 50 years","volume":"48","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Statistician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(90)90343-X","article-title":"Patchwork rejection algorithms","volume":"31","author":"Kemp","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1145\/355744.355750","article-title":"Computer generation of random variables using the ratio of uniform deviates","volume":"3","author":"Kindermann","year":"1977","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02285231","article-title":"New methods for generating Student's t and gamma variables","volume":"25","author":"Kindermann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2307\/2286857","article-title":"Computer generation of normal random variables","volume":"71","author":"Kinderman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of American Statistics Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/366193.366228","article-title":"Generating discrete random variables in a computer","volume":"6","author":"Marsaglia","year":"1963","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2307\/1266749","article-title":"Generating a variable from the tail of a normal distribution","volume":"6","author":"Marsaglia","year":"1964","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2307\/2288360","article-title":"The exact-approximation method for generating random variates in a computer","volume":"79","author":"Marsaglia","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of American Statistics Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699114","article-title":"Equations of state calculations by fast computing machines","volume":"21","author":"Metropolis","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00949657208810026","article-title":"A computer program for generation of random variables from any discrete distribution","volume":"1","author":"Norman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/151527.151529","article-title":"Fast algorithms for generating discrete random variates with changing distributions","volume":"3","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"1993","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(90)90349-5","article-title":"The ratio of uniforms approach for generating discrete random variates","volume":"31","author":"Stadlober","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1145\/301677.301685","article-title":"The patchwork rejection technique for sampling from unimodal distributions","volume":"9","author":"Stadlober","year":"1999","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/02331889108802326","article-title":"A theorem on the density of the density ordinate and an alternative derivation of the Box\u2013M\u00fcller method","volume":"22","author":"Troutt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/02331888308802391","article-title":"Vertical density representation and a further remark on the Box\u2013M\u00fcller method","volume":"24","author":"Troutt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB35","series-title":"Various Techniques Used in Connection with Random Digits","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Von Neumann","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889987","article-title":"Efficient generation of random variates via the ratio-of-uniforms method","volume":"1","author":"Wakefield","year":"1991","journal-title":"Statistics and Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00347-2_BIB37","first-page":"103","article-title":"Transformed rejection generators for gamma and normal pseudo-random variables","volume":"8","author":"Wallace","year":"1976","journal-title":"Australian Computer Journal"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221701003472?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221701003472?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T10:40:51Z","timestamp":1680777651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377221701003472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377221701003472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(01)00347-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}