{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:22:00Z","timestamp":1779142920790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-2217(03)00403-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]],"date-time":"2003-09-16T22:47:04Z","timestamp":1063752424000},"page":"250-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Performance evaluation when non-discretionary factors correlate with technical efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.9.1078","article-title":"Some models for estimating technical and scale efficiencies in data envelopment analysis","volume":"30","author":"Banker","year":"1984","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.34.4.513","article-title":"Efficiency analysis for exogenously fixed inputs and outputs","volume":"34","author":"Banker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","article-title":"Measuring the efficiency of decision making units","volume":"2","author":"Charnes","year":"1978","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0531(78)90060-1","article-title":"Measuring the technical efficiency of production","volume":"19","author":"F\u00e4re","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB5","series-title":"Production Frontiers","author":"F\u00e4re","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","article-title":"The measurement of productive efficiency","volume":"120","author":"Farrell","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Science Series A, General"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB7","first-page":"419","article-title":"Incorporating the operating environment into a nonparametric measure of technical efficiency","volume":"4","author":"Fried","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00352-5","article-title":"Data envelopment analysis with resource constraints: An alternative model with non-discretionary factors","volume":"128","author":"Maital","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00429-4","article-title":"Efficiency measurement in the Stochastic frontier model","volume":"129","author":"Ondrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.37.12.1620","article-title":"Resource use efficiency in public schools. A study of connecticut data","volume":"37","author":"Ray","year":"1991","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00346-7","article-title":"On the measurement of technical efficiency in the public sector","volume":"90","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00306-8","article-title":"Non-discretionary inputs in data envelopment analysis","volume":"111","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00010-7","article-title":"Measuring technical efficiency","volume":"121","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00150-1","article-title":"The weighted Russell measure of technical efficiency","volume":"108","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(97)00076-3","article-title":"The effects of exogenous variables in efficiency measurement\u2013\u2013A Monte Carlo study","volume":"105","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00403-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1996.12","article-title":"Data envelopment analysis with preference structure","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037722170300403X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037722170300403X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,24]],"date-time":"2019-02-24T09:20:00Z","timestamp":1551000000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037722170300403X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S037722170300403X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(03)00403-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}