{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:09:49Z","timestamp":1774555789145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-2217(98)00351-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,5]],"date-time":"2003-04-05T00:21:01Z","timestamp":1049502061000},"page":"605-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nonparametric analysis of educational costs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Law enforcement agencies as multi-product firms: An econometric investigation of production costs","volume":"34","author":"Darrough","year":"1979","journal-title":"Public Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2727(93)90104-2","article-title":"An analysis of returns to scale in public production, with an application to fire protection","volume":"52","author":"Duncombe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB3","unstructured":"W.A. Niskanen, Bureaucracy and Representative Government, Aldine-Atherton, Chicago, 1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1086\/466829","article-title":"Bureaucrats and politicians","volume":"18","author":"Niskanen","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Law and Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01718995","article-title":"Toward a general theory of managerial discretion","volume":"17","author":"Migu\u00e9","year":"1974","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130276","article-title":"Bureaucracy and the publicness of local public goods","volume":"56","author":"Wyckoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Public Choice"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","article-title":"The measurement of productive efficiency","volume":"120","author":"Farrell","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, General,"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","article-title":"Measuring the efficiency of decision making units","volume":"2","author":"Charnes","year":"1978","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Grosskopf, S. Yaisawarng, Economies of scope in the provision of local public services, National Tax Journal XLIII (March) (1990) 61\u201374","DOI":"10.1086\/NTJ41788825"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Bessent, E. Bessent, Determining the comparative efficiency of schools through data envelopment analysis, Educational Administration Quarterly (1980) 57\u201375","DOI":"10.1177\/0013161X8001600207"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.28.12.1355","article-title":"An application of mathematical programming to assess productivity in the Houston independent school district","volume":"28","author":"Bessent","year":"1982","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/109114218901700404","article-title":"Measuring school district performance","volume":"17","author":"F\u00e4re","year":"1989","journal-title":"Public Finance Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.34.4.513","article-title":"Efficiency analysis for exogenously fixed inputs and outputs","volume":"34","author":"Banker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00346-7","article-title":"On the measurement of technical efficiency in the public sector","volume":"90","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2307\/2109797","article-title":"Measuring technical inefficiency in the public sector: An analysis of educational production","volume":"78","author":"Ruggiero","year":"1996","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1086\/NTJ41792204","article-title":"The rising cost of local public services, some evidences and reflections","volume":"22","author":"Bradford","year":"1969","journal-title":"National Tax Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/145575","article-title":"Conceptual and empirical issues in the estimation of educational production functions","volume":"14","author":"Hanushek","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB18","first-page":"1141","article-title":"The economics of schooling: Production and efficiency in public schools","volume":"24","author":"Hanushek","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00351-8_BIB19","unstructured":"W. Duncombe, J. Miner, J. Ruggiero, Scale economies and technical efficiency in New York public schools, Metropolitan Studies Program Series Paper No. 163, The Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 1993"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221798003518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221798003518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T08:01:29Z","timestamp":1620633689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377221798003518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377221798003518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(98)00351-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}