{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T04:11:54Z","timestamp":1768363914143,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-2217(98)00388-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T19:21:01Z","timestamp":1049484061000},"page":"496-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A study of high-level managerial decision processes, with implications for MCDM research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Eero","family":"Kasanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannele","family":"Wallenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyrki","family":"Wallenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Zionts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The role of analytic models in strategic management","volume":"4","author":"Carroll","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Review of Strategic Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB2","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper W., 1961. Management Models and Industrial Applications of Linear Programming. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.2307\/2392088","article-title":"A garbage can model of organizational choice","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.39.2.206","article-title":"Decision analysis applications in the operations research literature 1970\u20131989","volume":"39","author":"Corner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.33.12.1534","article-title":"Strategy maps: A spatial representation of intra-industry competitive strategy","volume":"33","author":"Day","year":"1987","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.38.5.645","article-title":"Multiple criteria decision making, multiattribute utility theory: The next ten years","volume":"38","author":"Dyer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB7","unstructured":"Ginzberg, M.J., 1979. A study of the implementation process. In: Doktor, R., Schultz, R.L., Slevin, D.P., (Eds.), The Implementation of Management Science. North-Holland Publishing Company, 85-102"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB8","unstructured":"Janis, I.L., Mann, L., 1977. Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment. Free Press, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB9","unstructured":"Keeney, R., 1992. Value Focused Thinking, Harvard University Press, Cambridge: MA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB10","unstructured":"Keeney, R., Raiffa, H., 1976. Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs, Wiley, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB11","unstructured":"Kirkwood, C.W., 1997. Strategic Decision Making: Multiobjective Decision Analysis with Spreadsheets, Duxbury Press, Belmont, CA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB12","unstructured":"Kivij\u00e4rvi, H., 1987. Implementing Model-Oriented Decision Support Systems, Series A:53, The Helsinki School of Economics, Helsinki"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.1993.27","article-title":"DSS implementation activities, problem domain characteristics and DSS success","volume":"2","author":"Kivij\u00e4rvi","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(92)90155-3","article-title":"Multiple criteria decision support \u2013 a review","volume":"63","author":"Korhonen","year":"1992","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB15","unstructured":"Korhonen, P., Siljam\u00e4ki, A., Wallenius, J., 1990. A Multiple Criteria Decision Support System VIG in Corporate Planning. NumPlan Publications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB16","first-page":"46","article-title":"A careful look at efficiency and utility in multiple criteria decision making: A tutorial","volume":"6","author":"Korhonen","year":"1989","journal-title":"APJOR"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB17","unstructured":"Lewin, K., 1952. Group decision and social change. In: Newcomb, Hartley (Eds.), Readings in Social Psychology, Holt, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2307\/973677","article-title":"The science of muddling through","volume":"19","author":"Lindblom","year":"1959","journal-title":"Public Administration Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB19","unstructured":"Lucas, H.C., 1981. Implementation \u2013 The Key to Successful Information Systems, Columbia University Press, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB20","unstructured":"Lucas, H.C., Ginzberg, M.J., Schultz, R.L., 1990. Information System Implementation: Testing a Structural Model, Ablex Publishing Corp., Norwood, NJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2307\/3003600","article-title":"Bounded rationality, ambiguity and the engineering of choice","volume":"9","author":"March","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bell Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB22","unstructured":"March, J.G., 1988. Decisions and Organizations, Blackwell, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"March, J., Sevon, G. 1988. Behavioral perspectives on theories of the firm. In: Van Raaij, W.F., Van Veldhoven, G.M., W\u00e4rneryd K.E., (Eds.), Handbook of Economic Psychology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7791-5_10"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.15.8.B403","article-title":"A dialectical approach to strategic planning","volume":"15","author":"Mason","year":"1969","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB25","unstructured":"Parton, J., 1864. Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin, Vol. I, Mason Brothers, New York, p. 547"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB26","unstructured":"Roy, B., 1977. A conceptual framework for a prescriptive theory of `decision aid'. In: M. Starr and M. Zeleny (Eds.), Multiple Criteria Decision Making, TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences 6, North Holland"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB27","unstructured":"Roy, B., 1985. Methodologie Multicritere d'Aide a la Decision, Economica, Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saaty, T., 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw Hill, New York","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA214804"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB29","first-page":"59","article-title":"Management development as a process of influence","volume":"2","author":"Schein","year":"1961","journal-title":"Industrial Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2307\/41165732","article-title":"A pyramid of decision approaches","volume":"36","author":"Schoemaker","year":"1993","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB31","unstructured":"Schultz, R., Ginzberg, M.J., Lucas, H.C., 1984. A structured model of implementation. In: Schultz, R., Ginzberg, M., Lucas, H. (Eds.), Application of Management Science, Management Science Implementation, Supp. 1, JAI Press, 55\u201387"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB32","unstructured":"Schultz, R.L., Slevin, D.P., 1979. Introduction: The implementation problem. In: Doktor, R., Schultz, R., Slevin, D. (Eds.), The Implementation of Management Science, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(90)90051-A","article-title":"Effects of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry on decision making: A meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Schwenk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1994.1057","article-title":"Effects of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry on individuals versus groups","volume":"59","author":"Schwenk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB35","unstructured":"Steuer, R., 1986. Multiple Criteria Optimization: Theory, Computation, and Application, Wiley, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB36","unstructured":"Wallenius, H., 1991, Implementing Interactive Multiple Criteria Decision Methods in Public Policy, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Studies in Computer Science, Economics, and Statistics, No. 18."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1990.97","article-title":"A bibliography on the applications of mathematical programming multiple-objective methods","volume":"41","author":"White","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Operational Research Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wierzbicki, A., 1980. The use of reference objectives in multiobjective optimization. In: G. Fandel, T. Gal (Eds.), Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Theory and Application. Springer, Berlin, pp. 468\u2013486","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48782-8_32"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, P.L., 1990. Forming Winning Strategies, An Integrated Theory of Habitual Domains, Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61295-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2307\/2392021","article-title":"Theory of change and the effective use of management science","volume":"20","author":"Zand","year":"1975","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB41","unstructured":"Zeleny, M., 1982. Multiple Criteria Decision Making, McGraw Hill, New York"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB42","unstructured":"Zionts, S., 1992. MCDM: The challenge that lies ahead, Paper Presented at the Tenth International Conference on MCDM, Taipei, Taiwan, July 19\u201324, 1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(98)00388-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.28.3.785","article-title":"Identifying efficient vectors: Some theory and computational results","volume":"28","author":"Zionts","year":"1980","journal-title":"Operations Research"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221798003889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221798003889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1578461479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377221798003889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377221798003889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-2217(98)00388-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}}}