{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:58:52Z","timestamp":1760954332322},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]],"date-time":"1998-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":893980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-7206(98)00029-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T08:27:28Z","timestamp":1027585648000},"page":"231-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Group decision support systems and incentive structures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Shirani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milam","family":"Aiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph G.P","family":"Paolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(94)90042-6","article-title":"Electronic brainstorming in small and large groups","volume":"27","author":"Aiken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(97)00034-7","article-title":"A comparison of synchronous and virtual legislative session groups faced with an idea generation task","volume":"33","author":"Aiken","year":"1997","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(95)00048-8","article-title":"A comparison of two electronic idea generation techniques","volume":"30","author":"Aiken","year":"1996","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB4","unstructured":"A. Alchian, H. Demsetz, Production, information costs, and economic organization, American Economic Review, LXII(5) (1972) 777\u2013795"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB5","unstructured":"J. Bobrow, W. Covino, SAT Preparation Guide, Cliffs Notes, Lincoln, NE, 1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB6","unstructured":"J. Bowditch, A. Buono, A Primer on Organizational Behavior, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB7","unstructured":"A. Cohen, S. Fink, H. Gadon, R. Willits, Effective Behavior in Organizations, Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025902","article-title":"Social facilitation of dominant responses by the presence of an audience and mere presence of others","volume":"9","author":"Cottrell","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2307\/249135","article-title":"Information technology to support electronic meetings","volume":"12","author":"Dennis","year":"1988","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.33.5.589","article-title":"A foundation for the study of group decision support systems","volume":"33","author":"DeSanctis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/99977.99987","article-title":"Groupware: Some issues and experiences","volume":"34","author":"Ellis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/256377","article-title":"Electronic brainstorming and group size","volume":"35","author":"Gallupe","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Gist, E. Locke, M. Taylor, Organizational behavior: Group structure, process, and effectiveness, Journal of Management, (1987) 237\u2013257","DOI":"10.1177\/014920638701300204"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-5073(80)90027-6","article-title":"The effects of three social decision schemes on decision group process","volume":"25","author":"Green","year":"1980","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB15","unstructured":"P. Harris, R. Moran, Managing Cultural Differences, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, 1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(89)90008-0","article-title":"Experiments in group decision making, 3: Disinhibition, deindividuation, and group process in pen name and real name computer conferences","volume":"5","author":"Hiltz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(86)90125-9","article-title":"Knowledge sharing and negotiation support in multiperson decision support systems","volume":"2","author":"Jarke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2307\/249137","article-title":"Computer support for meetings of groups working on unstructured problems: A field experiment","volume":"12","author":"Jarvenpaa","year":"1988","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(76)90026-X","article-title":"Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure","volume":"3","author":"Jensen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(92)90047-B","article-title":"Group decision making and communication technology","volume":"52","author":"Kiesler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757209375753","article-title":"An experimental study of the effects of orientation behavior on small group consensus","volume":"39","author":"Knutson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Speech Monographs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757509375885","article-title":"Orientation behavior, leadership, and consensus: A possible functional relationship","volume":"42","author":"Knutson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Speech Monographs"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB23","unstructured":"J. McGrath, Groups: Interaction and Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.3.195","article-title":"Electronic meeting systems: Evidence from a low structure environment","volume":"3","author":"McLeod","year":"1992","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90012-5","article-title":"Communication technologies and systems collaboration","volume":"23","author":"Morrison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB26","unstructured":"D. Mueller, Public Choice, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 1987"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(89)90006-7","article-title":"Experiences at IBM with group support systems: A field study","volume":"5","author":"Nunamaker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/105783.105793","article-title":"Electronic meeting systems to support group work","volume":"34","author":"Nunamaker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Patterson, Nonverbal Behavior: A Functional Perspective, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1983","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5564-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/00335638509383719","article-title":"Group decision making as a structurational process","volume":"71","author":"Poole","year":"1985","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Speech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.3.3.224","article-title":"The effects of variations in capabilities of GDSS designs on management of cognitive conflict in groups","volume":"3","author":"Sambamurthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB32","unstructured":"W. Scott, P. Podsakoff, Behavioral Principles in the Practice of Management, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(86)90050-6","article-title":"Group processes in computer mediated communication","volume":"37","author":"Siegel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(65)90015-6","article-title":"Some aspects of deindividuation: Identification and conformity","volume":"1","author":"Singer","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757909375986","article-title":"Development of an instrument for the dynamic measurement of consensus","volume":"46","author":"Spillman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Communication Monographs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.11.1492","article-title":"Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication","volume":"32","author":"Sproull","year":"1986","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB37","unstructured":"J. Stevens, Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.102.1.53","article-title":"Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance","volume":"102","author":"Wood","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB39","unstructured":"S. Worchel, W. Wood, J. Simpson (Eds.), Group Process and Productivity, SAGE Publications, Newbury Park, CA, 1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(98)00029-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2307\/249136","article-title":"A study of influence in computer-mediated group decision making","volume":"12","author":"Zigurs","year":"1988","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"}],"container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378720698000299?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378720698000299?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1556626968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378720698000299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378720698000299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-7206(98)00029-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}}}