{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:20:11Z","timestamp":1777738811414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-7206(99)00028-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,28]],"date-time":"2002-12-28T12:42:19Z","timestamp":1041079339000},"page":"13-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Management tradeoffs in anti-virus strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Gerald","family":"Post","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB1","unstructured":"J. Arbuckle, Amos User\u2019s Guide Version 3.6, 1997, Chicago, SmallWaters."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(95)00024-0","article-title":"Managing computer crime: A research outlook","volume":"14","author":"Backhouse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB3","first-page":"11","article-title":"Surveys by e-mail and Internet","volume":"13","author":"Chisholm","year":"1995","journal-title":"UNIX Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)88289-2","article-title":"Information system defences: A preliminary classification scheme","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB5","unstructured":"B. Cole-Gomolski, Several products seek virus before users open their mail, ComputerWorld, 24, November 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(96)87618-8","article-title":"The new face of the virus threat","volume":"15","author":"David","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB8","unstructured":"L. DiDio, Networks need defense against hacker attacks, Computerworld, 24 November 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB9","unstructured":"L. DiDio, IBM Devises Technology to disinfect computer bugs, Computerworld, December 15, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB10","unstructured":"E. Glanton, Trick or treat \u2014 Your files are deleted! Halloween hoax raises eyebrows, The Associated Press, 30 October, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)82245-6","article-title":"A history of computer viruses \u2014 Introduction","volume":"16","author":"Highland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)81982-7","article-title":"Electronic Internet business and security","volume":"17","author":"Kovacich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)81980-3","article-title":"The ten commandments of security","volume":"17","author":"Lau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327744joce0701_2","article-title":"The link between information strategy and electronic commerce","volume":"7","author":"Lederer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB15","unstructured":"J.C. Loehlin, Latent Variable Models, 1992, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB16","unstructured":"S. Machlis, Self-mutilating viruses create strain, Computerworld, 9 September 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(94)90080-9","article-title":"High-level language computer viruses\u2014 A new threat?","volume":"13","author":"Magruder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB18","unstructured":"G. Meckbach, Viruses Growing out of Control, Computing Canada, July 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB19","unstructured":"G. Moody, Build your own immunity to viruses over the Net, Computer Weekly, 4 September 1997."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1145\/242857.242869","article-title":"Computer virus\u2013antivirus coevolution","volume":"40","author":"Nachenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB21","first-page":"29","article-title":"E-Mail surveys potentials and pitfalls","volume":"7","author":"Opperman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Marketing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)80793-6","article-title":"The strategic values of information security in business","volume":"16","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2307\/3150868","article-title":"Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices","volume":"16","author":"Peter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB24","unstructured":"J. Sandberg, Hackers prey on AOL users with array of dirty tricks, Wall Street Journal, 5 January 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90136-F","article-title":"The virus authors strike back","volume":"11","author":"Solomon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(97)80195-2","article-title":"A management view of Internet electronic commerce security","volume":"16","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(99)00028-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90217-F","article-title":"Computer viral risks\u2014 How bad is the threat?","volume":"11","author":"Zajac","year":"1992","journal-title":"Computers & Security"}],"container-title":["Information & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378720699000282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378720699000282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T16:23:04Z","timestamp":1556641384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378720699000282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378720699000282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-7206(99)00028-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}