{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:09:58Z","timestamp":1775790598396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8733(01)00052-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T09:22:39Z","timestamp":1027588959000},"page":"77-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["The motivational foundation of social networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Kadushin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB1","unstructured":"Boissevain, J., 1974. Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions. Basil Blackwell, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/270991","article-title":"Notions of position in social network analysis","volume":"22","author":"Borgatti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1086\/228667","article-title":"Social contagion and innovation: cohesion versus structural equivalence","volume":"92","author":"Burt","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB4","unstructured":"Burt, R.S., 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA (pre-print)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burt, R.S., 2000. The network structure of social capital. In: Sutton, R.I., Staw, B.M. (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT (in press).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-3085(00)22009-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(97)00005-1","article-title":"Personality correlates of structural holes","volume":"20","author":"Burt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.113","article-title":"Health psychology: psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of psychoneuroimmunology","volume":"47","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB8","unstructured":"Cohen, S., Syme, S.L. (Eds.), 1985. Social Support and Health. Academic Press, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB9","unstructured":"Coleman, J.S., 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB10","unstructured":"Coleman, J.S., Katz, E., Menzel, H., 1966. Medical Innovation: A Diffusion Study. Bobbs Merril, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.42.020191.002153","article-title":"Social factors and psychopathology: stress social support and coping processes","volume":"42","author":"Coyne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00003.x","article-title":"The network city","volume":"43","author":"Craven","year":"1973","journal-title":"Sociological Inquiry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB13","unstructured":"Durkheim, E. [1902] 1947. The Division of Labor in Society. Free Press, Glencoe, IL (transl. George Simpson)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB14","unstructured":"Ekeh, P.P., 1974. Social Exchange Theory: The Two Traditions. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1086\/230912","article-title":"Culture, class and connections","volume":"102","author":"Erickson","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB16","unstructured":"Fromm, E., 1941. Escape from Freedom. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB17","unstructured":"Giddens, A., 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of a Theory of Structuration. University of California Press, Berkeley."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB18","unstructured":"Greenberg, J., 1991. Oedipus and Beyond: A Clinical Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.3.4.317","article-title":"Control and efficacy as interdisciplinary bridges","volume":"3","author":"Haidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendrick, I., 1942. Instinct and the ego during infancy. Psychoanalytic Quarterly 11, 33\u201358 (cited by Greenberg).","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1942.11925485"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB21","unstructured":"Homans, G.C., 1950. The Human Group. Harcourt Brace, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.14.080188.001453","article-title":"Structures and processes of social support","volume":"14","author":"House","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2307\/2091658","article-title":"The friends and supporters of psychotherapy: on social circles in urban life","volume":"31","author":"Kadushin","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB24","unstructured":"Kadushin, C., 1981. Notes on the expectations of reward in n-person networks. In: Blau, P., Merton, R.K. (Eds.), Continuities in Structural Inquiry. Sage, London, England, pp. 235\u2013254."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1525\/city.1992.6.1.58","article-title":"Social networks and urban neighboorhoods in New York City","volume":"6","author":"Kadushin","year":"1992","journal-title":"City & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB26","unstructured":"Katz, E., Lazarsfeld, P.F., 1955. Personal Influence. Free Press, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB27","unstructured":"Malinowski, B., 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Routledege & Keagan Paul, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022198291004","article-title":"The cultural psychology of personality","volume":"29","author":"Markus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB29","first-page":"62","article-title":"The small-world problem","volume":"1","author":"Milgram","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychology Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milgram, S., 1969. Interdisciplinary thinking and the small world problem. In: Sherif, M., Sherif, C.W. (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Relationships in the Social Sciences. Aldine, Chicago, pp. 103\u2013120.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203788363-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1086\/210434","article-title":"Risk and trust in social exchange: an experimental test of a classical proposition","volume":"105","author":"Molm","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB32","unstructured":"Parsons, T. [1937] 1949. The Structure of Social Action. Free Press, Glencoe, IL."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons, T., Shills, E.A. (Eds.), 1951. Toward a General Theory of Action. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674863507"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2307\/2657354","article-title":"Resource and relationships: social networks and mobility in the workplace","volume":"62","author":"Podolny","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powell, W.W., DiMaggio, P.J. (Eds.), 1991. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226185941.001.0001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandfleur, R.L., Laumann, E.O., 1998. A paradigm for social capital. Rationality and Society 10, 481\u2013501 (cited by Uzzi\u201998).","DOI":"10.1177\/104346398010004005"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB37","unstructured":"Schumpeter, J.A., 1934 [1912]. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB38","unstructured":"Simmel, G. [1922] 1955. Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. Free Press, Glencoe, IL (transl. Reinhard Bendix)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB39","unstructured":"Stern, D.N., 1985. The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1006\/ssre.1997.0601","article-title":"Market embeddedness and corporate instability: the ecology of inter-industrial networks","volume":"26","author":"Talmud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1086\/229571","article-title":"Dual exchange theory, social networks, and informal social support","volume":"96","author":"Uehara","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.2307\/2096399","article-title":"The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect","volume":"61","author":"Uzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2307\/2657252","article-title":"Embeddedness in the making of financial capital how social relations and networks benefit firms seeking financing","volume":"64","author":"Uzzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB44","unstructured":"Valente, T.W., 1995. Network Models of the Diffusion of Innovations. Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wellman, B., 1999. The network community: introduction to networks in the global village. In: Wellman, B. (Ed.), Networks in the Global Village. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 1\u201347.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429498718-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(01)00052-1_BIB46","unstructured":"Wellman, B., Carrington, P.J., Hall, A., 1988. Networks as personal communities. In: Wellman, B., Berkowitz, S.D. (Eds.), Social Structures: A Network Approach Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 130\u2013184."}],"container-title":["Social Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378873301000521?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378873301000521?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T11:09:57Z","timestamp":1578481797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378873301000521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378873301000521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-8733(01)00052-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8733"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8733","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}