{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:44:58Z","timestamp":1774979098401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8733(99)00003-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T00:20:51Z","timestamp":1027642851000},"page":"91-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Women's participation in the labor force: the role of social networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Stoloff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Glanville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa Jayne","family":"Bienenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2307\/2095230","article-title":"An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data","volume":"48","author":"Berk","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB2","unstructured":"Bianchi, S., 1995. Changing economic roles of women and men. In: Farley, R. (Ed.), State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 107\u2013154."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB3","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P., 1986. The forms of capital. In: Richardson, J. (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Greenwood Press, New York, pp. 241\u2013258."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(91)90013-J","article-title":"The impact of social and human capital on the income attainment of dutch managers","volume":"13","author":"Boxman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1987.tb02329.x","article-title":"How minorities continue to be excluded from equal employment opportunities: research on labor market and institutional barriers","volume":"43","author":"Braddock","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2307\/2095589","article-title":"Informal hiring and income in the labor market","volume":"51","author":"Bridges","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB7","unstructured":"Burt, R.S., 1983. Range. In: Burt, R.S., Minor, M.J. (Eds.), Applied Network Analysis: A Methodological Introduction. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, pp. 176\u2013194."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB8","unstructured":"Campbell, K.E., Rosenfeld, R.A., 1985. Job search and job mobility: sex and race differences. Simpson, I.H., Simpson, R.L. (Eds.), Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 3. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 147\u2013174."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(86)80017-X","article-title":"Social resources and socioeconomic status","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB10","unstructured":"Edin, K., Lein, L., 1997. Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low-Wage Work. Russell Sage Foundation, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888495022002003","article-title":"Causes and consequences of women's employment discontinuity, 1967\u20131973","volume":"22","author":"Felmlee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Work and Occupations"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/62.1.124","article-title":"A research note on friendship, gender, and the life cycle","volume":"62","author":"Fischer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB13","unstructured":"Garfinkel, I., McLanahan, S., 1986. Single Mothers and their Children: A New American Dilemma. Urban Institute Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1086\/225469","article-title":"The strength of weak ties","volume":"78","author":"Granovetter","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granovetter, M., 1995 [1974]. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. 2nd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226518404.001.0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1991.tb01688.x","article-title":"Job search and the occupational segregation of women","volume":"81","author":"Hanson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1086\/230267","article-title":"Work and welfare among single mothers in poverty","volume":"99","author":"Harris","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2307\/2096356","article-title":"Life after welfare: women, work, and repeat dependency","volume":"61","author":"Harris","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB19","unstructured":"Harrison, L.E., 1992. Who Prospers? How Cultural Values Shape Economic and Political Success. Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB20","unstructured":"Hochschild, A., Machung, A., 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. Viking, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3638.15.1.77","article-title":"Unraveling the paradox of deepening urban inequality: theoretical underpinnings and research design of a multi-city study","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urban Geography"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB22","unstructured":"Johnson, J.H., Jr., Oliver, M.L., Bobo, L., 1995. The Los Angeles Study of Urban Inequality: Theoretical Underpinnings, Research Design, and Preliminary Findings. UCLA Center for the Study of Urban Poverty, Los Angeles. Appendix A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, J.H., Jr., Bienenstock, E.J., Farrell, W., 1999. Bridging social networks and female labor force participation in a multi-ethnic metropolis. In: Bobo, L., Johnson, J.H., Jr. (Eds.), Faultlines in the Metropolis: Race, Segregation, and Economic Inequality in Metropolitan Los Angeles. Russell Sage, New York. Forthcoming.","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3638.20.1.3"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.1996.43.2.03x0204v","article-title":"Missing the connection: social isolation and employment on the brooklyn waterfront","volume":"43","author":"Kasinitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-232X.1996.tb00397.x","article-title":"Employment contacts and minority-white wage differences","volume":"35","author":"Korenman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Industrial Relations"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2307\/2095260","article-title":"Social resources and strength of ties: structural factors in occupational status attainment","volume":"46","author":"Lin","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB27","unstructured":"MacLeod, J., 1995. Ain't No Makin' It: Aspirations and Attainment in a Low-Income Neighborhood, 2nd edn. Westview Press, Boulder."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/2095397","article-title":"Core discussion networks of americans","volume":"52","author":"Marsden","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/66.4.1038","article-title":"Social resources and mobility outcomes: a replication and extension","volume":"66","author":"Marsden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB30","first-page":"109","article-title":"Public housing and the concentration of poverty","volume":"74","author":"Massey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/227525","article-title":"Women and weak ties: differences by sex in the size of voluntary organizations","volume":"87","author":"McPherson","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB32","unstructured":"Mead, L., 1992. The New Politics of Poverty. Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2307\/2095914","article-title":"Job search and network composition: implications of the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis","volume":"57","author":"Montgomery","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2307\/2095868","article-title":"Structural determinants of men's and women's personal networks","volume":"55","author":"Moore","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB35","unstructured":"Murray, C., 1984. Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950\u20131980. Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1006\/ssre.1993.1006","article-title":"Why don't `they' work? employment patterns in a high pressure economy","volume":"22","author":"Osterman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portes, A., Bach, R.L., 1985. Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States. University of California Press, Berkeley.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520907317"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/65.3.816","article-title":"The division of labor at home","volume":"65","author":"Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB39","unstructured":"Smith-Lovin, L., McPherson, M., 1993. You are who you know: a network approach to gender. In: England, P. (Ed.), Theory on Gender: Feminism on Theory. Aldine de Gruyter, New York, pp. 223\u2013251."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB40","unstructured":"Sowell, T., 1994. Race and Culture: A World View. Basic Books, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2307\/2061067","article-title":"Household structure and labor force participation of black, hispanic, and white mothers","volume":"22","author":"Tienda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB42","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995. Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1086\/229572","article-title":"Different strokes for different folks: community ties and social support","volume":"96","author":"Wellman","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB44","unstructured":"Wilson, W.J., 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged. University of Chicago Press, Chicago."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0378-8733(99)00003-9_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, W.J., 1996. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.","DOI":"10.2307\/2152085"}],"container-title":["Social Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378873399000039?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378873399000039?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T20:57:55Z","timestamp":1681592275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378873399000039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378873399000039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-8733(99)00003-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8733"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8733","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}