{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T03:03:01Z","timestamp":1698721381262},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)00048-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T17:19:02Z","timestamp":1027617542000},"page":"367-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Paperwork reduction act reauthorization and government information management issues"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Harold C","family":"Relyea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB1","unstructured":"Article I, section 2, prescribes that\u201cThe actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct.\u201d The first such statute was an act of March 1, 1790 (1 Stat. 101)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB2","unstructured":"1 Stat. 55."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB3","unstructured":"40 Stat. 300."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB4","unstructured":"37 Stat. 736."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB5","unstructured":"38 Stat. 251."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB6","unstructured":"38 Stat. 717."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB7","unstructured":"U.S. Commission on Federal Paperwork, History of Paperwork Reform Efforts, A Report of the Commission on Federal Paperwork (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977), p. 15."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB8","unstructured":"Ibid., pp. 16\u201320."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB9","unstructured":"56 Stat. 1078; 44 U.S.C. 3501\u20133520 (1982)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB10","unstructured":"86 Stat. 770."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB11","unstructured":"The Office of Management and Budget was the 1970 successor to the Bureau of the Budget (84 Stat. 2085)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB12","unstructured":"87 Stat. 576."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB13","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Small Business, The Federal Paperwork Burden, 93rd Cong., 1st sess., S. Rept. 93-125 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1973), pp. 25\u201326."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB14","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 30."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB15","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 34."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB16","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 60."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB17","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 63."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB18","unstructured":"88 Stat. 1789."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB19","unstructured":"See U.S. Commission on Federal Paperwork, Final Summary Report, A Report of the Commission on Federal Paperwork (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB20","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 50."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB21","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB22","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 56."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB23","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 52."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB24","unstructured":"88 Stat. 1790."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB25","unstructured":"U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork and Red Tape: New Perspectives; New Directions (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1979), p. 5."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB26","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office, Program to Follow-Up Federal Paperwork Commission Recommendations Is in Trouble, GAO Report GGD-80-36 (Washington, D.C.: March 14, 1980), pp. i\u2013iv."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB27","unstructured":"3 C.F.R., 1978 Comp., pp. 152\u2013156."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB28","unstructured":"3 C.F.R., 1979 Comp., pp. 462\u2013463."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB29","unstructured":"U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Office of the Federal Register, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Jimmy Carter: 1979 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980), p. 2177."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB30","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, report to accompany H.R. 6410, 96th Cong., 2nd sess., H. Rept. 96-835 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB31","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 126 (March 24, 1980): 6212\u20136214."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB32","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, report to accompany S. 1411, 96th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Rept. 96-930 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB33","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 126 (November 19, 1980): 30193."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibid., 126 (December 1, 1980): 31228.","DOI":"10.1177\/006947708001800124"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB35","unstructured":"94 Stat. 2812; 44 U.S.C. 3501\u20133520 (1982)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB36","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3503 (1982)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB37","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(c)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB38","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB39","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB40","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(d)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB41","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(e)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB42","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(f)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB43","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(g)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB44","unstructured":"By one account, the federal government was operating two computers in 1950, the number then growing to 45 in 1955, 403 in 1960, 1,826 in 1965, 5,277 in 1970, and, in only a year, 5,961 in 1971. By 1980, the total could easily have been double the 1970 or 1971 figures. Moreover, these were bulky, mainframe computers, the personal computer proliferating in the federal government after 1980. Alan F. Westin & Michael A. Baker, Databanks in a Free Society (New York: Quadrangle, 1972), p. 29."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB45","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3506."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB46","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3507\u20133508."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB47","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3509."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB48","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3510."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB49","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3511."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB50","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3513."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB51","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3514."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB52","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3520."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB53","unstructured":"U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Managing Federal Information Resources, First Annual Report Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, April 1, 1982), pp. 3\u20135."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB54","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Implementation of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-511), hearing, 97th Cong., 1st sess., October 21, 1981 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982), pp. 3\u20134, 8\u20139."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB55","unstructured":"Ibid., pp. 4, 10."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB56","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office, Implementing the Paperwork Reduction Act: Some Progress, but Many Problems Remain, GAO Report GAO\/GGD-83-35 (Washington, D.C.: April 20, 1983), pp. ii, 10\u201328."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB57","unstructured":"Ibid., p. iii."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB58","unstructured":"Ibid., p. v."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB59","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office, More Guidance and Controls Needed over Federal Recordkeeping Requirements Imposed on the Public, GAO Report GAO\/GGD-83-42 (Washington, D.C.: April 28, 1983), p. 8."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB60","unstructured":"GSA\u2019s records management responsibilities resulted from the inclusion of the National Archives within it at the time of the agency\u2019s establishment in 1949 (63 Stat. 379)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB61","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office, More Guidance and Controls\u2026, p. 9."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB62","unstructured":"After the National Archives separated from GSA and became an independent agency in April 1985, it published, in 1986, a revised version of the 1981 Guide to Record Retention Requirements in the Code of Federal Regulations, and reprinted, in 1989, a slightly modified version of a 1981 records management handbook, Disposition of Federal Records."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB63","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, Re: Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, June 22, 1982, p. 56."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB64","unstructured":"U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Information Collection Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 1982 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, December 29, 1981), p. 13."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB65","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 129 (November 7, 1983): 31100\u201331102."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB66","unstructured":"Julie Rovner,\u201cOMB\u2019s Regulatory Activities Draw Fire in Congress, Courts,\u201d Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 44 (June 14, 1986): 1339\u20131341."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB67","unstructured":"Congressional Quarterly, Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 99th Congress, 2nd Session, 1986 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1987), pp. 22, 195, 325."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB68","unstructured":"100 Stat. 3341-335."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB69","unstructured":"100 Stat. 3341-340."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB70","unstructured":"Congressional Quarterly, Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 101st Congress, 2nd Session, 1990 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1991), pp. 411\u2013413."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB71","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 413."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB72","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB73","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Federal Information Resources Management Act, report to accompany S. 1742, 101st Cong., 2nd sess., S. Rept. 101-487 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1990)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB74","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Operations, Paperwork Reduction and Federal Information Resources Management Act of 1990, report to accompany H.R. 3695, 101st Congress, 2nd sess., H. Rept. 101-927 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1990)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB75","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 136 (October 23, 1990): 32732\u201332740."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB76","unstructured":"Congressional Quarterly, Congressional Quarterly Almanac, 101st Congress, 2nd Session, 1990, p. 413."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB77","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1994, report to accompany S. 560, 103rd Cong., 2nd sess., S. Rept. 103\u2013392 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1994), p. 16."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB78","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 140 (October 6, 1994): 28303\u201328308."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB79","unstructured":"See Dole v. United Steelworkers of America, 494 U.S. 26 (1990)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB80","unstructured":"See Office of the Vice President, From Red Tape to Results, Creating a Government That Works Better & Costs Less: Improving Customer Service, Accompanying Report of the National Performance Review (Washington, D.C.: GPO, September 1993), pp. 19\u201322."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB81","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, report to accompany H.R. 830, 104th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 104-37 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1995)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 141 (February 22, 1995): 5462\u20135481.","DOI":"10.1080\/07343469509507725"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB83","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, report to accompany S. 244, 104th Cong., 1st sess., S. Rept. 104-8 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1995)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB84","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 141 (March 7, 1995): 6994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB85","unstructured":"Ibid., daily edition, 141 (March 10, 1995): H2994-H3015."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB86","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Conference Committees, 1995, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, conference report to accompany S. 244, 104th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 104-99 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1995)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"109 Stat. 163; 44 U.S.C. 3501-3520 (1997 Supp. III).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0294-3506(97)89240-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB88","unstructured":"108 Stat. 3243."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB89","unstructured":"U.S. Congress House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1995, report to accompany H.R. 1670, 104th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. 104-222, Part 1 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1995)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB90","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 141 (September 14, 1995): 25027."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB91","unstructured":"See William S. Cohen, Computer Chaos: Billions Wasted Buying Federal Computer Systems, Investigative Report (Washington, D.C.: October 12, 1994)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB92","unstructured":"Congressional Record, 141 (August 4, 1995): 22154\u201322158."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB93","unstructured":"See Ibid., 141 (September 6, 1995): 23629."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB94","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Conference Committees, 1996, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996, conference report to accompany S. 1124, 104th Cong., 2nd sess., H. Rept. 104-450 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1996)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB95","unstructured":"110 Stat. 186."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB96","unstructured":"110 Stat. 642."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB97","unstructured":"110 Stat. 679."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB98","unstructured":"110 Stat. 3009-393."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB99","unstructured":"The Clinger\u2013Cohen Act (110 Stat. 680) also repealed a section of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act, popularly known as the Brooks Act (40 U.S.C. 759), which authorized the Administrator of General Services to coordinate and provide for the procurement, maintenance, and utilization of automatic data processing equipment."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB100","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Government Paperwork Elimination Act, a report to accompany S. 2107, 105th Cong., 2nd sess, S. Rept. 105-335 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1998), p. 1."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB101","unstructured":"See 112 Stat. 2681-749."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB102","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(a)(1)(B)(vi), as amended."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB103","unstructured":"112 Stat. 2681-750."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB104","unstructured":"112 Stat. 2681-751."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB105","unstructured":"100 Stat. 3341-336."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB106","unstructured":"109 Stat. 165-166."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See David Plocher,\u201cThe Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995: A Second Chance for Information Resources Management,\u201d Government Information Quarterly, 13 (1996): 35\u201350.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(96)90005-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB108","unstructured":"See 44 U.S.C. 3520."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB109","unstructured":"Concerning the information collection or paperwork burden aspect of PRA administration, see U.S. General Accounting Office, Paperwork Reduction Act: Burden Increases at IRS and Other Agencies, GAO Testimony GAO\/T-GGD-00-114 (Washington, D.C.: April 12, 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB110","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3503(b)-3504(a)(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB111","unstructured":"110 Stat. 684; section 5125 of the statute amended 44 U.S.C. 3506 to establish CIOs in the departments and agencies mandated by 31 U.S.C. 901(b) to have chief financial officers."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB112","unstructured":"110 Stat. 685."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB113","unstructured":"3 C.F.R., 1996 Comp., p. 204."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB114","unstructured":"Establishing a position of chief information officer for the federal government was among the policy recommendations offered in Robert D. Atkinson and Jacob Ulevich, Digital Government: The Next Step to Reengineering the Federal Government (Washington, D.C.: Progressive Policy Institute, Technology and New Economy Project, March 2000), p. 13, available at (www.dlcppi.org) (accessed May 3, 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB115","unstructured":"101 Stat. 1724."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB116","unstructured":"101 Stat. 1725."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB117","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3501(8)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB118","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(g)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB119","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3506(g)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB120","unstructured":"U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Government Information Security Act of 1999, report to accompany S. 1993, 106th Cong., 2nd sess., S. Rept. 106-259 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 2000), pp. 1\u20132."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB121","unstructured":"Ibid., pp. 2\u20133."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB122","unstructured":"Introduced on November 19, 1999, S. 1993 was referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs, which held a hearing on the bill on March 2, 2000, and ordered it reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute on March 23; the amended bill, which supplements, but does not repeal, the Computer Security Act, was reported to the Senate on April 10, when it was placed on the Senate calendar."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB123","unstructured":"A GAO survey of 42 federal departments and independent agencies identified some 4,300 Web sites maintained by these entities. See U.S. General Accounting Office, Internet and Electronic Dial-Up Bulletin Boards: Information Reported by Federal Organizations, GAO Report GAO\/GGD-97-86 (Washington, D.C.: June 1997), p. 2. More recently, it was estimated that there are\u201c100 million federal Web pages.\u201d See Diane Frank, \u201cGSA Closing in on WebGov Portal,\u201d Federal Computer Week [online], May 12, 2000, at (www.fcw.com\/fcw.com\/print.asp) (accessed May 22, 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB124","unstructured":"Gregory Slabodkin,\u201cDOD Puts Commanders in Charge of Web Sites,\u201d Government Computer News, 18 (January 11, 1999): 3."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB125","unstructured":"Peter Hernon, John A. Shuler, & Robert E. Dugan, U.S. Government on the Web (Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1999), p. xix."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB126","unstructured":"Available at (www.dtic.mil\/staff\/cthomps\/guidelines\/summary) (accessed May 5, 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB127","unstructured":"See 44 U.S.C. 3511."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB128","unstructured":"U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Memorandum for Agency Chief Information Officers,\u201cPrinciples for Federal Agency Use of the World-Wide Web,\u201d from Sally Katzen, preliminary draft, April 14, 1997 (copy in the possession of the author)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB129","unstructured":"See, for example, 5 U.S.C. 3107."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB130","unstructured":"For existing privacy guidance, see U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies,\u201cPrivacy Policies on Federal Web Sites,\u201d from Jacob J. Lew, Director, M-99-18 (Washington: June 2, 1999), available at (www.whitehouse.gov\/omb\/memoranda\/m99-18) (accessed May 8, 2000)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB131","unstructured":"See 110 Stat. 3048; 5 U.S.C. 552."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB132","unstructured":"See chapters 21, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, and 33 of Title 44, United States Code."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB133","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB134","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(d)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB135","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(f)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB136","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(g)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB137","unstructured":"44 U.S.C. 3504(h)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB138","unstructured":"U.S. General Accounting Office, National Archives: Preserving Electronic Records in an Era of Rapidly Changing Technology, GAO Report GAO\/GGD-99-94 (Washington, D.C.: July 1999), p. 2."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB139","unstructured":"Ibid., p. 17."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00048-4_BIB140","unstructured":"See 44 U.S.C. 3504(f) and (h)."}],"container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00000484?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00000484?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T07:29:41Z","timestamp":1578900581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740624X00000484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0740624X00000484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)00048-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-624X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-624X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}