{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:16:51Z","timestamp":1760044611852},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)00050-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T17:19:02Z","timestamp":1027617542000},"page":"403-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Freedom of information spreads to Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Henry H","family":"Perritt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See also Henry H. Perritt, Jr. & Randolph R. Clarke,\u201cChinese Economic Development, Rule of Law, and the Internet,\u201d Government Information Quarterly, 15 (1998): 393\u2013417.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(98)90033-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB2","unstructured":"See Henry H. Perritt, Jr. & Christopher J. Lhulier,\u201cInformation Access Rights Based on International Human Rights Law,\u201d Buffalo Law Review, 45 (Fall 1997): 899\u2013929."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB3","unstructured":"Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents, 500PC0030, http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/eur-lex\/en\/com\/dat\/2000\/en_500PC0030.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB4","unstructured":"Regulation expl. Memo. Para. 2."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB5","unstructured":"Expl. Memo. Para. 3."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB6","unstructured":"Expl. Memo. Para. 4."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB7","unstructured":"Expl. Memo. Para. 4."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB8","unstructured":"Expl. Memo. Para 4 (definition of\u201cdocument\u201d)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB9","unstructured":"Regulation.\u201cwhereas\u201d Para. 11."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB10","unstructured":"Regulation art. 2(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB11","unstructured":"Regulation art. 5(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB12","unstructured":"Regulation art. 8."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB13","unstructured":"Regulation art. 4(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB14","unstructured":"Regulation art. 4(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB15","unstructured":"Regulation art. 4(c)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB16","unstructured":"Regulation art. 4(d)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB17","unstructured":"Directive 96\/9\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, Off. J. L 077, 27\/03\/1996 p. 0020\u20130028, http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/eur-lex\/en\/lif\/dat\/1996\/en_396L0009.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB18","unstructured":"Database is defined as a\u201ccollection of independent works, data or other material arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means.\u201d DD art. 1(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB19","unstructured":"DBD art. 1(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB20","unstructured":"DBD art. 3(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB21","unstructured":"DBD art. 3(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB22","unstructured":"DBD art. 7(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB23","unstructured":"DBD art. 7(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB24","unstructured":"DBD art. 7(2)(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB25","unstructured":"DBD art. 7(2)(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB26","unstructured":"DBD art. 7((5)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB27","unstructured":"DBD art. 10."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB28","unstructured":"DBD art. 9(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB29","unstructured":"DBD art 16(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB30","unstructured":"Feist v. Rural Telephone Co. (499 U.S. 340 (1990) no copyright protection for\u201csweat of the brow\u201d in compiling databases such as telephone white pages directories)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB31","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, Explanatory Notes, Section 1. (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB32","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552; Freedom of Information Bill, 2000. (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB33","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1); 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a) (1994 & Suppl., 1996)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB34","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB35","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a) (1994 & Suppl.), 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB36","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(1) (1994 & Suppl.), 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB37","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB38","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB39","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(3)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB40","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB41","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1)(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB42","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1)(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB43","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1); 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB44","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1); 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB45","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 1(1); 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB46","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 10; 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB47","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 10; 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB48","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 10(1)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB49","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB50","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB51","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7\u00a7 19\u201343."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB52","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB53","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB54","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(1); FOIB \u00a7\u00a7 21\u201325."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB55","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 26."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB56","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(8); FOIB \u00a7 27, \u00a7 31."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB57","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(7); FOIB \u00a7\u00a7 28\u201330."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB58","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(6); FOIB \u00a7 36, \u00a7 38."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB59","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(4); FOIB \u00a7\u00a7 39\u201341."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB60","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(3); FOIB \u00a7\u00a7 42\u201343."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB61","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 19."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB62","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB63","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 20."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB64","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 32."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB65","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB66","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB67","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 33."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB68","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 5552(b)(5)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB69","unstructured":"FOIB \u00a7 35."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB70","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB71","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(2)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB72","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(b)(9)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB73","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7552(a)(1). (A); Freedom of Information Bill, 2000 \u00a77 (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB74","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7552(a)(1). (A)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB75","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB76","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a77. (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB77","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB78","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(6). (A)(I); Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7(7) (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB79","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(6). (A)(ii); Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 (15) (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB80","unstructured":"5U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(6). (A)(I)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB81","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(6). (A)(ii)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB82","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB83","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 15(1). (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB84","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB85","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 49. (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB86","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 56. (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB87","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(4). (A)(I); Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7(8) (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB88","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 552(a)(4). (A)(ii)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB89","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB90","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB91","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB92","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 \u2217(3). (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB93","unstructured":"Freedom of Information Bill, 2000, \u00a7 8(2). (Eng.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB94","unstructured":"U.S.C. \u00a7 553(a)(4). (A)(v)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB95","unstructured":"See Henry H. Perritt, Jr. & Margaret G. Stewart, False Alarm."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB96","unstructured":"Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc., 153 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 1998)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB97","unstructured":"F.3d at 89\u201390."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB98","unstructured":"Accord, Carell v. Shubert Organization, Inc., No. 99 Civ. 4997 (AGS), 2000 WL 863134 (S.D.N.Y. June 27, 2000) (copyright infringement is transitory cause of action, so U.S. court with personal jurisdiction has subject matter jurisdiction over copyright claim premised on foreign law even if no violation of U.S. copyright law pleaded; Berne Convention reinforces that conclusion)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB99","unstructured":"Subafilms, Ltd. V. MGM-Pathe Communications Co., 24 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 1994)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB100","unstructured":"F.3d at 1099."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB101","unstructured":"Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp., 36 F. Supp.2d 191 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)00050-2_BIB102","unstructured":"Cf. Bridgeman, 36 F.Supp.2d at 194 (suggesting that neither Copyright Clause nor Treaty Clause of U.S. Constitution authorize protection of expression beyond that necessary to include authorship). Feist held that the Copyright Clause limits congressional power to confer copyright on factual information."}],"container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00000502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00000502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T02:25:52Z","timestamp":1556159152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740624X00000502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0740624X00000502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)00050-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-624X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-624X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}