{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:10:25Z","timestamp":1759993825468,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,30]],"date-time":"2003-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1490,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)86840-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T21:45:07Z","timestamp":1027633507000},"page":"353-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Universal service policies as wealth redistribution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Milton","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB1_1","article-title":"Wealth of Nations and Telephone Destiny","author":"Jipp","year":"1963","journal-title":"Telecommunications Journal"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"World Telecommunication Development Report","author":"International Telecommunications Union","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB1_2"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"The Contribution of Telecommunications Infrastructure to Aggregate and Sectoral Efficiency","author":"Cronin","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB2"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Falling through the Net II: New Data on the Digital Divide","author":"U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB3_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/019722496129468","article-title":"Universal Service from the Bottom up: A Profile of Telecommunications Access in Camden, New Jersey","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Universal Service, Competition, Interconnection, and Monopoly in the Making of the American Telephone System","author":"Mueller","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB4"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Universal Service, Competition, Interconnection, and Monopoly in the Making of the American Telephone System","author":"Mueller","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB5_1"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Trends in Telephone Service","author":"Federal","key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB5_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB6","series-title":"Paper presented at conference on The Impact of the Internet on Communications Policy, Harvard Information Infrastructure Project","article-title":"Universal Service in the Digital Age: The Commercialization and Geography of US Internet Access","author":"Greenstein","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159409364274","article-title":"Universal Service: Prosaic Motives and Great Ideals","volume":"38","author":"Sawhney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media"}],"container-title":["Government Information Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00868409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740624X00868409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1759991691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740624X00868409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]}},"alternative-id":["S0740624X00868409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0740-624x(00)86840-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-624X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0740-624X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Universal service policies as wealth redistribution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Government Information Quarterly","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0740-624X(00)86840-9","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1999 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}