{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:05:55Z","timestamp":1774267555398,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0747-5632(03)00011-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,20]],"date-time":"2003-06-20T18:47:16Z","timestamp":1056134836000},"page":"703-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Features of CMC technologies and their impact on language learners\u2019 online interaction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u0131\u0301a Jos\u00e9","family":"Alvarez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB1","series-title":"Managing the flow of technology","author":"Allen","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB2","series-title":"Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge","author":"Anderson","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB3","series-title":"New ways of learning and teaching: Focus on technology and foreign language education","first-page":"39","article-title":"Enhancing foreign culture learning through electronic discussion","author":"Bernhardt","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borras (1993). Developing and assessing practicing spoken French: a multimedia program for improving skills. ETR & D, 41(4), 91\u2013103.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02297514"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB5","first-page":"137","article-title":"A sociolinguistic assessment of the notion \u201cimmigrant semilingualism\u201d from a social conflict perspective","volume":"17","author":"Brent-Palmer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Working Papers on Bilingualism"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB6","series-title":"Education, technology, power","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction","author":"Bromley","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB7","series-title":"Conversation and community: chat in a virtual world","author":"Cherny","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0346-251X(94)90037-X","article-title":"Using computer networking to facilitate the acquisition of interactive competence","volume":"22","author":"Chun","year":"1994","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4781.1996.tb01159.x","article-title":"Effects of multimedia annotations on vocabulary acquisition","volume":"80","author":"Chun","year":"1996","journal-title":"Modern Language Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB10","series-title":"Networked-based language teaching: concepts and practice","first-page":"151","article-title":"Networked multimedia environments for second language acquisition","author":"Chun","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(01)00006-1","article-title":"The use of computer-mediated communication to enhance subsequent face-to-face discussions","volume":"17","author":"Dietz-Uhler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9973.00226","article-title":"Cultures in collision","volume":"33","author":"Ess","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metaphilosophy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB13","series-title":"Critical theory of technology","author":"Feenberg","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB14","series-title":"Input, interaction, and the second language learner","author":"Gass","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB15","series-title":"The silent language","author":"Hall","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.2307\/2786150","article-title":"Seating position and small group interaction","volume":"26","author":"Hare","year":"1963","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1999.tb00106.x","article-title":"Interactional coherence in CMC","volume":"4","author":"Herring","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB18","series-title":"Computer-mediated communication: linguistic, social and cross-cultural perspectives","author":"Herring","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB19","series-title":"Page to screen","first-page":"185","article-title":"Living on the surface","author":"Johnson-Eilola","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4781.1995.tb05445.x","article-title":"Restructuring classroom interaction with networked computers","volume":"79","author":"Kern","year":"1995","journal-title":"Modern Language Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB21","series-title":"New ways of learning and teaching: focus on technology and foreign language education","first-page":"57","article-title":"Technology, social interaction and FL literacy","author":"Kern","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.39.10.1123","article-title":"Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication","volume":"39","author":"Kiesler","year":"1984","journal-title":"The American Psychologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2000.tb00349.x","article-title":"Isn't that spatial? Distance and communication in a 2-D virtual environment","volume":"5","author":"Krikorian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB24","series-title":"Aramis, or the love of technology","author":"Latour","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00749744","article-title":"Interaction process in computer-mediated and face-to-face groups","volume":"4","author":"Lebie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computer Supported Cooperative Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB26","series-title":"Computer assisted language learning: context and conceptualization","author":"Levy","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(99)00057-6","article-title":"Designing the instructional interface","volume":"16","author":"Lohr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB28","series-title":"Technology and education reform","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction","author":"Means","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2307\/2786417","article-title":"Seating arrangements and conversation","volume":"34","author":"Mehrabian","year":"1971","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB30","series-title":"Information ecologies: using technology with heart","author":"Nardi","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB31","series-title":"Foundations of understanding","author":"Newton","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB32","series-title":"Mental representations","author":"Paivio","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01115.x","article-title":"Research on negotiation","volume":"44","author":"Pica","year":"1994","journal-title":"Language Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB34","series-title":"Tasks and second language learning","first-page":"9","article-title":"Choosing and using communication tasks for second language research and instruction","author":"Pica","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1076\/0958-8221(200002)13:1;1-K;FT005","article-title":"L2 morphosyntactic development in text-based computer-mediated communication","volume":"13","author":"Salaberry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.1974.0010","article-title":"A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation","volume":"50","author":"Sacks","year":"1974","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB37","series-title":"Attention and awareness in foreign language learning and teaching (technical report no. 9)","author":"Schmidt","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB38","series-title":"Intercultural communication: a discourse approach","author":"Scollon","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB39","unstructured":"Smith, B. (2001). Taking students to task: task-based computer-mediated communication and negotiated interaction in the ESL classroom. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, B. (2003). Computer-mediated negotiated interaction: an expanded model. Modern Language Journal, 87, 38\u201358","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4781.00177"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB41","series-title":"Personal space: the behavioral basis of design","author":"Sommer","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0346-251X(96)00044-9","article-title":"A comparative study of two ESL writing environments","volume":"29","author":"Sullivan","year":"1996","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB43","first-page":"7","article-title":"Comparing face-to-face and electronic discussion in the second language classroom","volume":"13","author":"Warschauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"CALICO Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB44","series-title":"Electronic literacies","author":"Warschauer","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB45","series-title":"Computer-mediated communication: linguistic, social and cross-cultural perspectives","first-page":"47","article-title":"Linguistic and interactional features of Internet Relay Chat","author":"Werry","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6_BIB46","first-page":"311","article-title":"The effects of anonymity on computer-mediated peer review","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Telecommunications"}],"container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563203000116?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563203000116?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T22:40:50Z","timestamp":1760049650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0747563203000116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0747563203000116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0747-5632(03)00011-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0747-5632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0747-5632","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Features of CMC technologies and their impact on language learners\u2019 online interaction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Human Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0747-5632(03)00011-6","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}