{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T18:37:27Z","timestamp":1782239847028,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Resources, Conservation and Recycling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0921-3449(02)00171-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,28]],"date-time":"2003-02-28T13:36:31Z","timestamp":1046439391000},"page":"299-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":755,"title":["Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag\u2014a review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Bipra","family":"Gorai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.K.","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Premchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB1","unstructured":"Acma E, Toy C, Addemir O, Tekin A. Benificiation of copper slag for the production of magnetic oxide, Conference Recycling Metals 1992; 13\u201315 May. Dusseldorf\/Neuss, Germany."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Processing of Kure (Turkey) copper slag for the recovery of copper and cobalt and the production of gamma Fe2O3","volume":"50","author":"Acma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans. Indian Inst. Met."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB3","unstructured":"Agrawal A, Sahu KK, Pandey BD, Premchand. State of the Art Report on Metallurgical Waste, Report submitted to MOEF by NML Jamshedpur, May 2000: 64\u201367."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB4","first-page":"79","article-title":"Study of utilization of copper slag as fine aggregate for concrete","volume":"23","author":"Akihiko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ashikaya Kogyo Daigaku Kenkyu Shuroku"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB5","first-page":"167","article-title":"Service properties of grinding wheels with copper smelting slag as binder component","volume":"65","author":"Andrzej","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mechnik"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB6","first-page":"68","article-title":"Effect of ground copper slag on strength and toughness of cementitious mixes","volume":"96","author":"Arino-Moreno","year":"1999","journal-title":"ACI Mater. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB7","series-title":"Extractive metallurgy of copper","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB8","unstructured":"Clarkson JF, Johnson RH, Siegal E Vlasak WM. Utilizing Smelter Slags at White Pine Copper Division Conference Materials Recycling, an Overview of the Sixth Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago, IL; 1978."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB9","unstructured":"Collins RJ, Cielieski SK. Recycling and use of waste materials and by-products in High Way Construction. National Cooperative Highway research programme, synthesis of Highway Practice 199, Washington: Transportation Research Board; 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB10","series-title":"Geotechnical properties of copper slag. Transportation research record","author":"Das","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB11","unstructured":"Deja J, Malolepszy J. Resistance of Alkali-activated Slag Mortars to Chloride Solution. Proceedings of Third International Conference. The use of Fly-Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, SP-114, Norway. Chicago: American Concrete Institute; 1989. p. 1547\u201361."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB12","first-page":"41","article-title":"Study of manufacture of colored glasses from slags of copper smelting","volume":"5","author":"Dongping","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yelian Bufen"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB13","first-page":"700","article-title":"Hydration and pozzolanic activity of nonferrous slags","volume":"64","author":"Douglas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB14","series-title":"Manitoba slags, deposits, characterization, modifications, potential utilization","author":"Emery","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB15","series-title":"Ontario ministry of natural resources. Mineral aggregate conservation reuse and recycling. JEGEL report for aggregate and petroleum resources section","author":"Emery","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB16","unstructured":"Feasby DG. Mineral Wastes as Railroad Ballast. Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, National Mineral Research Program, Mineral Sciences Laboratories Report MRP\/MSL (OP), Ottawa, Canada: 1975. p. 75\u20136."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB17","first-page":"60","article-title":"Copper slag as the component of abrasive-buffing compounds","volume":"17","author":"Grot","year":"1989","journal-title":"Powloki Ochronne"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB18","first-page":"47","article-title":"Properties of copper slags and direction of their utilization","volume":"17","author":"Herman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Powloki Ochronne"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB19","unstructured":"Hughes ML, Haliburton TA. Use of Zinc Smelter Waste as Highway Construction Material. Highway Research Record, 1973; 430:16\u201325."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1179\/cmq.2000.39.3.281","article-title":"The copper losses in the slags from the EL Teniente process","volume":"39","author":"Imris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. Metall. Quart."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB21","first-page":"39","article-title":"On the thermodynamics of continuos copper smelting","volume":"22","author":"Johansen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Metals"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB22","unstructured":"Jones RT, Hayman DA, Denton GM. Recovery of cobalt, nickel and copper from slags using DC-Arc furnace technology, International Symposium challenges of process intensification, Montreal, Canada: Aug 1996. Mintek paper No. 8360."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-053X(99)00141-5","article-title":"Cr(VI) reduction in aqueous solution by using copper smelter slag","volume":"19","author":"Kiyak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-8842(98)00075-3","article-title":"Fabrication of unglazed floor tiles containing Iranian copper slags","volume":"25","author":"Marghussian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ceramics Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB25","unstructured":"Miller RH, Collins RJ. Waste Materials as Potential Replacements for Highway Aggregates. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 166, Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board; 1976. Mintek Paper No. 8360."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB26","unstructured":"Mobasher B, Devaguptapu R, Arino AM. Effect of copper slag on the hydration of blended cemetitious mixtures. In: Chong K, editor. Proceedings of the ASCE Materials Engineering Conference, Materials for the New Millennium; 1996. p. 1677\u201386."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB27","first-page":"81","article-title":"Concrete performance with admixtures of electrical steel slag and copper slag concerning mechanical properties","volume":"186","author":"Moura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Concrete Inst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB28","first-page":"377","article-title":"Recovery of copper from Khetri slag flotation tailings","volume":"33","author":"Natarajan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans. Indian Inst. Met."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB29","first-page":"505","article-title":"The recovery of copper from gangues resulted from copper slag flotation","volume":"36","author":"Oprea","year":"1984","journal-title":"Metalurgia (Bucharest)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB30","unstructured":"Osborn GA, Garner FA, Veasey TJ. Pilot-Plant Study for Recovery of Copper Metal From Secondary Copper Slag by Froth Flotation. Conf: Recycling of Metalliferous Materials, Birmingham, UK: April 1990. p. 23\u20135."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB31","first-page":"55","article-title":"Some results of the investigation of elastic grinding wheels made of copper slag","volume":"17","author":"Pluta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Powloki Ochronne"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB32","unstructured":"Premchand et al. Characterisation and utilisation of copper slag of Sterlite Industries India Ltd. Report submitted to SIIL Tuticorin, India, Jamshedpur, India: National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR); October 2000."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB33","first-page":"296","article-title":"The epoxide-asphalt concrete filled with the post copper slag","volume":"43","author":"Rudnicki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rudy I Metale Niezelazne"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(99)00060-9","article-title":"High performance cementing materials from industrial slags\u2014a review","volume":"29","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB35","first-page":"18","article-title":"Removal of copper from slags of the Almalyk copper-smelting plant","volume":"10","author":"Sigedin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tsvetn. Met."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB36","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effect of copper smelting slag on properties of ceramics","volume":"10","author":"Sirajiddinov","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dokl. Akad. Nauk. Resp. Uzb."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB37","first-page":"16","article-title":"The place of copper in the family of abrasive materials","volume":"16","author":"Szyrle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Powloki Ochronne"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB38","first-page":"178","article-title":"Resin binder for bonding abrasive particles in grinding wheels","volume":"143","author":"Szyrle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pol. Pl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB39","unstructured":"Wyzsza Szkola Inynierska (Koszalin). The feasible utilisation of freely solidifying copper slag as an abrasive, Arch Nauki Mater 1987;8(1):41\u201352, ISSN: 0318-032X."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB40","unstructured":"Tixier R, Arino-Moreno A, Mobasher B. Properties of cementitious mixture modified by copper slag. Symposium: HH, Structure-Property Relationships in Hardened cement paste and composites. Tucson, Arizona, USA: Minerals Research and Recovery; 1996."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB41","first-page":"23","article-title":"Extraction of Co and Cu from historical slags of Kure","volume":"30","author":"Topkaya","year":"1990","journal-title":"ATB Metall."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.2472\/jsms.49.1097","article-title":"Concrete with copper slag fine aggregate","volume":"49","author":"Toshiki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB43","unstructured":"Yasuo O. Manufacture of tiles from smelting slags, Jpn Kokai Tokyo Koho, JP 0450 175[9250175], 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB44","series-title":"Principles of ceramic science and engineering","author":"Yet-Ming","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/08827509208914078","article-title":"Recovery of cobalt from copper slags","volume":"10","author":"Yucel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Miner. Process. Extractive Metall. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4_BIB46","first-page":"93","article-title":"A reduction study of copper slag in a DC arc furnace","volume":"28","author":"Yucel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand. J. Metal"}],"container-title":["Resources, Conservation and Recycling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921344902001714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921344902001714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:05:03Z","timestamp":1760299503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0921344902001714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0921344902001714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0921-3449(02)00171-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-3449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-3449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag\u2014a review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0921-3449(02)00171-4","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}