{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T14:35:27Z","timestamp":1770474927652,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]],"date-time":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":865123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mutation Research\/DNA Repair"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0921-8777(97)00009-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T22:52:03Z","timestamp":1027637523000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["DNA-PK: at the cross-roads of biochemistry and genetics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"384","author":[{"given":"P.A","family":"Jeggo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110295","article-title":"Characterization of a high molecular weight acidic nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with polymyositis\u2013scleroderma overlap syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Mimori","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82219-0","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a template-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II","volume":"268","author":"Dvir","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90057-W","article-title":"The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement of DNA ends and association with Ku antigen","volume":"72","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53216-6","article-title":"Binding of Ku protein to DNA. Measurement of affinity for ends and demonstration of binding to nicks","volume":"268","author":"Blier","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82233-5","article-title":"EBP-80, a transcription factor closely resembling the human autoantigen Ku, recognizes single- to double-strand transitions in DNA","volume":"268","author":"Falzon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.19.3918","article-title":"Production and characterisation of recombinant human Ku antigen","volume":"22","author":"Ono","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5619","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.20.5619","article-title":"Analysis of the mechanism of interaction of simian Ku protein with DNA","volume":"19","author":"Paillard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(89)90088-0","article-title":"HeLa nuclear protein recognizing DNA termini and translocating on DNA forming a regular DNA-multimeric protein complex","volume":"208","author":"de Vries","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83697-3","article-title":"Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the p70 (Ku) lupus autoantigen","volume":"264","author":"Reeves","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)80011-4","article-title":"cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the 86-kDa subunit of the Ku antigen","volume":"264","author":"Yaneva","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.8.4189","article-title":"Mutations in two Ku homologs define a DNA end-joining repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"16","author":"Milne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.23.4639","article-title":"Identification of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue: roles in DNA double-strand break repair and telometic maintenance","volume":"24","author":"Boulton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8548","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00194a021","article-title":"DNA-dependent ATPase from HeLa-cells is related to human Ku autoantigen","volume":"33","author":"Cao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06826.x","article-title":"Human DNA helicase-II \u2013 a novel DNA unwinding enzyme identified as the Ku autoantigen","volume":"13","author":"Tuteja","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8936","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.15.8936","article-title":"The DNA-dependent protein kinase is inactivated by autophosphorylation of the catalytic subunit","volume":"271","author":"Chan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90482-4","article-title":"DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product","volume":"82","author":"Hartley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90225-2","article-title":"When is a lipid kinase not a lipid kinase? When it is a protein kinase","volume":"83","author":"Hunter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5233.50","article-title":"PIK-related kinases: DNA repair, recombination, and cell cycle checkpoints","volume":"270","author":"Keith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90480-8","article-title":"TEL1, an S. cerevisiae homologue of the human gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, is functionally related to the yeast checkpoint gene MEC1","volume":"82","author":"Morrow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90479-4","article-title":"TEL1, a gene involved in controlling telomere length in S. cerevisiae, is homologous to the human ataxia telangiectasia gene","volume":"82","author":"Greenwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)88934-5","article-title":"The cellular responses to DNA damage","volume":"5","author":"Carr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)89112-X","article-title":"The ataxia-telangiectasia gene: a link between checkpoint controls, neurodegeneration and cancer","volume":"11","author":"Lehmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(91)90003-8","article-title":"Genetic analysis of ionising radiation sensitive mutants of cultured mammalian cell lines","volume":"254","author":"Jeggo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(91)90004-9","article-title":"The genetic basis of resistance to ionising radiation damage in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"254","author":"Thacker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(95)00018-F","article-title":"Nomenclature of human genes involved in ionizing radiation sensitivity","volume":"337","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8073286","article-title":"Ku80: product of the XRCC5 gene. Role in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination","volume":"265","author":"Taccioli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7939667","article-title":"Restoration of X-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination in mutant-cells by Ku cDNA","volume":"266","author":"Smider","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90360-7","article-title":"Defective DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is linked to V(D)J recombination and DNA repair defects associated with the murine scid mutation","volume":"80","author":"Blunt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7855601","article-title":"DNA-dependent kinase (p350) as a candidate gene for murine SCID defect","volume":"267","author":"Kirchgessner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.8.3171","article-title":"Loss of the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase in DNA double-strand-break-repair mutant mammalian cells","volume":"92","author":"Peterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950171108","article-title":"Menage \u00e0 trois: double strand break repair, V(D)J recombination and DNA-PK","volume":"17","author":"Jeggo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(95)00003-3","article-title":"Mammalian mutants defective in the response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage","volume":"336","author":"Zdzienicka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8469973","article-title":"Impairment of V(D)J recombination in double-strand break repair mutants","volume":"260","author":"Taccioli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.6.3464","article-title":"V(D)J recombination in mammalian cell mutants defective in DNA double strand break repair","volume":"13","author":"Pergola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(90)90028-A","article-title":"Studies on mammalian mutants defective in rejoining double-strand breaks in DNA","volume":"239","author":"Jeggo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.4.1519","article-title":"Ku86 defines the genetic defect and restores X-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination to complementation group 5 hamster cell mutants","volume":"16","author":"Errami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singleton, B.K., A. Priestley, D. Gell, T. Blunt, S.P. Jackson, A.R. Lehmann and P.A. Jeggo (1996) Molecular and biochemical characterisation of mutants defective in Ku80, submitted.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.3.1264"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.9.1467","article-title":"The V(D)J recombination defect in the xrs-6 cell line results from a point mutation in the Ku80 gene","volume":"8","author":"Mizuta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/382551a0","article-title":"Requirement for Ku80 in growth and immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination","volume":"382","author":"Nussenzweig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80111-7","article-title":"Ku86-deficient mice exhibit severe combined immunodeficiency and defective processing of V(D)J recombination intermediates","volume":"86","author":"Zhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, Y., S. Jin, Y. Gao, D.T. Weaver and F.W. Alt (1997) Ku70-deficient ES cells have increased ionizing radiosensitivity, defective DNA end binding activity, and inability to support V(D)J recombination, Immunology, submitted.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.8076"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J.D., M.C. Muhlmann-Diaz, M.A. Stackhouse, J.F. Robinson, G.E. Taccioli, D.J. Chen and J.S. Bedford (1997) An ionizing radiation sensitive mutant cell line: irs-20. IV. genetic complementation, V(D)J recombination, and the SCID phenotype, Radiat. Res., 147, in press.","DOI":"10.2307\/3579417"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/301527a0","article-title":"A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse","volume":"301","author":"Bosma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7855602","article-title":"Absence of p350 subunit of DNA-activated protein kinase from a radiosensitive human cell line","volume":"267","author":"LeesMiller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10285","article-title":"Identification of a nonsense mutation in the carboxy-terminal region of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in the scid mouse","volume":"93","author":"Blunt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.10.5507","article-title":"Biochemical and genetic defects in the DNA-dependent protein kinase in murine scid lymphocytes","volume":"16","author":"Danska","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90135-3","article-title":"The XRCC4 gene encodes a novel protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)80700-5","article-title":"V(D)J recombination in ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom's Syndrome, and a DNA ligase I-associated immunodeficiency disorder","volume":"268","author":"Hsieh","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(95)90010-1","article-title":"The dose-rate effect on induction and repair rate of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in a normal and an ataxia-telangiectasia human fibroblast cell line","volume":"77","author":"Foray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7315","article-title":"Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation","volume":"77","author":"Painter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/8.16.3709","article-title":"Effect of ionising radiation on DNA synthesis in ataxia-telangiectasia cells","volume":"8","author":"Houldsworth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(85)90024-0","article-title":"X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cell line: radiosensitivity of DNA synthesis","volume":"145","author":"Jeggo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7792600","article-title":"A single ataxia telangiectasia gene with a product similar to PI 3-kinase","volume":"268","author":"Savitsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.1.320","article-title":"DNA-dependent protein-kinase activity is absent in xrs-6 cells \u2013 implications for site-specific recombination and dna double-strand break repair","volume":"92","author":"Finnie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.7.4741","article-title":"A DNA end-binding factor involved in double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination","volume":"14","author":"Rathmell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(93)90144-C","article-title":"DNA damage and the DNA-activated protein kinase","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(85)90025-2","article-title":"Double strand break repair and G2 block in Chinese hamster ovary cells and their radiosensitive mutants","volume":"145","author":"Weibezahn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB58","first-page":"2940","article-title":"p53-Dependent cell cycle arrests are preserved in DNA-activated protein kinase-deficient mouse fibroblasts","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13825","article-title":"The DNA-damage response in DNA-dependent protein kinase-deficient SCID mouse cells \u2013 replication protein-A hyperphosphorylation and P53 induction","volume":"93","author":"Fried","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.10.5700","article-title":"scid cells are deficient in Ku and replication protein A phosphorylation by the DNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"15","author":"Boubnov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170707","article-title":"In vivo biochemistry: physical monitoring of recombination induced by site-specific endonucleases","volume":"17","author":"Haber","year":"1995","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB62","unstructured":"Friedberg, E.C., G.C. Walker and W. Siede (1995) DNA Repair and Mutagenesis, ASM Press, Washington, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.10.1.103","article-title":"Intermolecular recombination between DNAs introduced into mouse L cells is mediated by a non-conservative pathway that leads to crossover products","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.12.3.1292","article-title":"Two alternative pathways of double-strand beak repair that are kinetically separable and independently modulated","volume":"12","author":"Fishman-Lobell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1411547","article-title":"Removal of nonhomologous DNA ends in double-strand break recombination: the role of the yeast ultraviolet repair gene RAD1","volume":"258","author":"Fishman-Lobell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.4.2245","article-title":"RAD1 and RAD10, but not other excision repair genes, are required for double strand break-induced recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisae","volume":"15","author":"Ivanov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90014-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the human excision repair gene ERCC-1: cDNA cloning and amino acid homology with the yeast DNA repair gene RAD10","volume":"44","author":"van Duin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6553","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.11.6553","article-title":"ERCC4 (XPF) encodes a human nucleotide excision repair protein with eukaryotic recombination homologs","volume":"16","author":"Brookman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(96)00008-0","article-title":"Evidence that mammalian cells possess homologous recombinational repair pathways","volume":"363","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutation Res. DNA Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80155-5","article-title":"Xerderma pigmentosum group F caused by a defect in a structure-specific DNA repair endonuclease","volume":"86","author":"Sijbers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.4.1392","article-title":"Formation of large deletions by illegitimate recombination in the HPRT gene of primary human fibroblasts","volume":"90","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.5.10.2599","article-title":"Mechanisms of nonhomologous recombination in mammalian cells","volume":"5","author":"Roth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.6.12.4295","article-title":"Nonhomologous recombination in mammalian cells: role for short sequence homologies in the joining reaction","volume":"6","author":"Roth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.10.3355","article-title":"Relative rates of homologous and nonhomologous recombination in transfected DNA","volume":"82","author":"Roth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.2.1293","article-title":"Two different types of double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are repaired by similar RAD52-independent, nonhomologous recombination events","volume":"14","author":"Kramer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.2.1278","article-title":"Homologous, homeologous, and illegitimate repair of double-strand breaks during transformation of a wild-type strain and a rad52 mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"14","author":"Mezard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.5.2164","article-title":"Cell cycle and genetic requirements of two pathways of nonhomologous end-joining repair of double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"16","author":"Moore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(89)90013-X","article-title":"Decreased stable transfection frequences of six X-ray-sensitive CHO strains, all members of the xrs complementation group","volume":"218","author":"Jeggo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.7.4.1409","article-title":"Gene recombination in X-ray sensitive hamster cells","volume":"7","author":"Hamilton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(86)90107-7","article-title":"Homologous recombination in a Chinese hamster X-ray sensitive mutant","volume":"160","author":"Moore","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8929","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.17.8929","article-title":"Chromosomal double-strand break repair in Ku80-deficient cells","volume":"93","author":"Liang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/142.1.91","article-title":"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ku autoantigen homologue affects radiosensitivity only in the absence of homologous recombination","volume":"142","author":"Siede","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5093","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00890.x","article-title":"Saccharomyces cervisiae Ku70 potentiates illegitimate DNA double-strand break repair and serves as a barrier to error-prone DNA repair pathways","volume":"15","author":"Boulton","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01534842","article-title":"Cell cycle-dependent repair of double-strand DNA breaks in a gamma-ray sensitive Chinese hamster cell","volume":"11","author":"Giaccia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Somatic Cell Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/09553008914551881","article-title":"Cell cycle responses of two X-ray sensitive mutants defective in DNA repair","volume":"56","author":"Whitmore","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(94)90017-5","article-title":"DNA double-strand break rejoining in xrs5 cells is more rapid in the G2 than in the G1 phase of the cell cycle","volume":"315","author":"Mateos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(94)90040-X","article-title":"Cloning of human and mouse genes homologous to RAD52, a yeast gene involved in DNA repair and recombination","volume":"315","author":"Muris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0793-239","article-title":"Cloning of human, mouse and fission yeast recombination genes homologous to RAD51 and recA","volume":"4","author":"Shinohara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00606-1","article-title":"Human and mouse homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 DNA repair gene: evidence for functional conservation","volume":"6","author":"Kanaar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(94)90063-9","article-title":"Loss of S-phase-dependent radioresistance in irs-1 cells exposed to X-rays","volume":"314","author":"Cheong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutation Res. DNA Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.8.4414","article-title":"A double-strand break within a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing human DNA can result in YAC loss, deletion, or cell lethality","volume":"16","author":"Bennett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.1.503","article-title":"The RAD52 gene is required for homothallic interconversion of mating types and spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast","volume":"77","author":"Malone","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90043-7","article-title":"VDJ recombination","volume":"13","author":"Alt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.26.120192.002233","article-title":"Molecular analysis of V(D)J recombination","volume":"26","author":"Gellert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2360047","article-title":"RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination","volume":"248","author":"Oettinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90012-8","article-title":"Initiation of V(D)J recombination in a cell-free system","volume":"81","author":"van Gent","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81086-7","article-title":"The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins establish the 12\/23-rule in V(D)J recombination","volume":"85","author":"van Gent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90082-9","article-title":"Characterization of coding ends in thymocutes of scid mice: implication for the mechanism of V(D)J recombination","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(83)90026-3","article-title":"X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Isolation and cross-sensitvity to other DNA damaging agents","volume":"112","author":"Jeggo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(84)90037-3","article-title":"X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells defective in double-strand break rejoining","volume":"132","author":"Kemp","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(86)90025-8","article-title":"Radiation induced chromosome damage in X-ray sensitive mutants (xrs) of the chinese hamster ovary cell line","volume":"166","author":"Kemp","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(90)90065-D","volume":"235","author":"Darroadi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(96)90006-4","article-title":"TFIIH: a key component in multiple DNA transactions","volume":"6","author":"Hoeijmakers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/380265a0","article-title":"Sequence-specific DNA binding by Ku autoantigen and its effects on transcription","volume":"380","author":"Giffin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07057.x","article-title":"Purification of the sequence-specific transcription factor CTCBF, involved in the control of human collagen IV genes: subunits with homology to Ku antigen","volume":"14","author":"Genersch","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(92)90069-F","article-title":"Differential gene expression in wild-type and X-ray-sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines","volume":"274","author":"Zhu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11920","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11920","article-title":"Ku autoantigen is the regulatory component of a template-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II","volume":"89","author":"Dvir","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.2.193","article-title":"DNA-dependent protein kinase: a potent inhibitor of transcription by RNA polymerase I","volume":"9","author":"Kuhn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2934","article-title":"DNA-dependent protein kinase specifically represses promoter-directed transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I","volume":"92","author":"Labhart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/381086a0","article-title":"A human RNA polymerase II complex associated with SRB and DNA-repair proteins","volume":"381","author":"Maldonado","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.4.582","article-title":"The DNA-binding protein Hdf1p (a putative Ku homologue) is required for maintaining normal telomere length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"24","author":"Porter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0796-350","article-title":"Accelerated telomere shortening in ataxia telangiectasia","volume":"13","author":"Metcalfe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000134069","article-title":"Chromosome end associations, telomeres and telomerase activity in ataxia telangiectasia cells","volume":"71","author":"Pandita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.24.14405","article-title":"Ku80-deficient cells exhibit excess degradation of extrachromosomal DNA","volume":"271","author":"Liang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/09553008914552411","article-title":"Use of damaged plasmid to study DNA repair in X-ray sensitive (xrs) strains of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells","volume":"56","author":"Smith-Ravin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(96)00030-2","article-title":"Ku is a general inhibitor of DNA\u2013protein complex formation and transcription","volume":"33","author":"Ono","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01543175","article-title":"Isolation of cell cycle-dependent gamma ray-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell","volume":"9","author":"Stamato","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Somatic Cell Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8817(88)90025-9","article-title":"Characterization of an X-ray hypersensitive mutant of V79 chinese hamster cells","volume":"194","author":"Zdzienicka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutation Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(97)00009-8_BIB119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(95)00002-2","article-title":"Isolation of mammalian cell mutants that are X-ray sensitive, impaired in DNA double-strand break repair and defective for V(D)J recombination","volume":"336","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutation Res."}],"container-title":["Mutation Research\/DNA Repair"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921877797000098?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921877797000098?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T20:12:44Z","timestamp":1620850364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0921877797000098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0921877797000098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0921-8777(97)00009-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-8777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-8777","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}}}