{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:06:28Z","timestamp":1777802788117,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0921-8890(02)00258-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,5]],"date-time":"2002-11-05T13:14:20Z","timestamp":1036502060000},"page":"69-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Biomimetic walking robot SCORPION: Control and modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Spenneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(98)00067-7","article-title":"Walknet\u2014a biologically inspired network to control six-legged walking","volume":"11","author":"Cruse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.S.G. Stein, Motor systems with specific reference to the control of locomotion, Annual Review of Neuroscience, Vol. 1, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1970, pp. 61\u201381.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.01.030178.000425"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB3","first-page":"30","article-title":"Biologically-based underwater robots","volume":"12","author":"Ayers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Unmanned Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00059057","article-title":"The command neuron concept","volume":"1","author":"Kupferman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Kirchner, Q-learning of complex behaviors on a six-legged walking machine, Robotics and Autonomous Systems 25 (1998) 256\u2013263.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(98)00054-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7423199","article-title":"Neural basis of rhythmic behavior in animals","volume":"210","author":"Delcomyn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.E. Bares, D.S. Wettergreen, Dante II: technical description, results, and lessons learned, International Journal of Robotics Research 18 (7) (1999).","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649922066475"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB8","unstructured":"M.J. Randall, A.G. Pipe, An intelligent control architecture and its application to walking robots, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Salford, UK, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8890(96)00003-6","article-title":"Biologically-based distributed control and local reflexes improve rough terrain locomotion in a hexapod robot","volume":"18","author":"Espenschied","year":"1996","journal-title":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB10","unstructured":"R.McN. Alexander, Size and shape, in: Studies in Biology, Vol. 29, Edward Arnold, London, 1971."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00614529","article-title":"The control of walking in the scorpion\u2014I. Leg movements during normal walking","volume":"100","author":"Bowerman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Kirchner, D. Spenneberg, R. Linnemann, A biologically inspired approach towards robust real world locomotion in an eight legged robot, in: J. Ayers, J. Davis, A. Rudolph (Eds.), Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4962.003.0032"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB13","unstructured":"B. Klaassen, F. Kirchner, D. Spenneberg, Integration of robot control programs into ADAMS\u2122 including sensor feedback, in: Proceedings of the 14th European Simulation Multiconference, 2000, pp. 259\u2013262."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(78)90305-5","article-title":"Intra-appendage movements during walking in the scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis","volume":"59","author":"Root","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB15","unstructured":"D. Hebb, The organization of behavior, A Neuropsychological Theory, Wiley, New York, 1949."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB16","unstructured":"D. Spenneberg, F. Kirchner, Omnidirectional walking in an eight legged robot, in: Proceedings of the International Symposium of Robotics and Automation (ISRA 2000), Monterey, Mexico, 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(02)00258-0_BIB17","unstructured":"D. Spenneberg, F. Kirchner, An approach towards autonomous outdoor walking robots, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR 2001), Budapest, Hungary, 2001, submitted for publication."}],"container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921889002002580?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921889002002580?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T09:20:13Z","timestamp":1704532813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0921889002002580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0921889002002580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0921-8890(02)00258-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-8890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-8890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}