{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:56:59Z","timestamp":1760245019075,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0925-2312(01)00633-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T12:53:47Z","timestamp":1034168027000},"page":"647-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Simulation of spiking neural networks \u2014 architectures and implementations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00e6fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Sch\u0153nauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Klar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"R\u00fcckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-01-00032.1982","article-title":"Theory of the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex","volume":"2","author":"Bienenstock","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Eckhorn, H.J. Reitb\u0153ck, M. Arndt, P. Dicke, Feature linking via stimulus\u2014evoked oscillations: experimental results for cat visual cortex and functional implications from a network model, Proceedings of the IJCNN89, Vol. I, 1989, pp. 723\u2013730.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1989.118659"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1990.2.3.293","article-title":"Feature linking via synchronization among distributed assemblies: simulations of results from cat visual cortex","volume":"2","author":"Eckhorn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB4","unstructured":"G. Frank, Ein digitales Hardwaresystem zur echtzeitfhigen Simulation biologienaher neuronaler Netze, HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe, Georg Hartmann (Hrsg.), Bd. 26, Dissertation, Paderborn, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Frank, G. Hartmann, An artificial neural network accelerator for pulse-coded model neurons, Proc. ICNN95, Vol. 4, Perth, Australia, 1995, pp. 2014\u20132018.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488982"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1970.4502739","article-title":"A flexible analog using integrated circuits","volume":"BME-17","author":"French","year":"1970","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Bio-Med. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/383076a0","article-title":"A neuronal learning rule for sub-millisecond temporal coding","volume":"383","author":"Gerstner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.5.1698","article-title":"Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex","volume":"86","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB9","unstructured":"G. Hartmann, S. Dre, Self organization of a network linking features by synchronization, in: G. Hauske (Ed.), Parallel Processing in Neural Systems and Computers, 1990, pp. 361\u2013364."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB10","unstructured":"G. Hartmann, G. Frank, M. Schfer, C. Wolff, SPIKE128K\u2014An Accelerator for Dynamic Simulation of Large Pulse-Coded Networks, MicroNeuro 97, Dresden, 1997, pp. 130\u2013139."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB11","unstructured":"J.N.H. Heemskerk, Neurocomputer for brain-style processing. Design, Implementation and Application, Ph.D. Thesis at Leiden University, Rijksuniverditeit Leiden, Netherlands, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/299515a0","article-title":"Exploration of the primary visual cortex, 1955-1978","volume":"299","author":"Hubel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006837","article-title":"Receptive fields, Binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex","volume":"160","author":"Hubel","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Jahnke, U. Roth, H. Klar, A SIMD\/dataflow architecture for a neurocomputer for spike-processing neural networks (NESPINN), MicroNeuro 96, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1996, pp. 232\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1109\/MNNFS.1996.493796"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Jahnke, T. Schoenauer, U. Roth, K. Mohraz, H. Klar, Simulation of spiking neural networks on different hardware platforms, ICANN97, Springer, Berlin, 1997, pp. 1187\u20131192.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0020312"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB16","unstructured":"R. Kempter, Hebbsches Lernen zeitlicher Codierung: Theorie der Schallortung im H\u0153rsystem der Schleiereule, Darmstadt DDD, Naturwissenschatliche Reihe, Bd 17, Dissertation TU Munchen, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Kempter, W. Gerstner, J.L. van Hemmen, Hebbian learning and spiking neurons, Phys. Rev. E 59, 1999, 4498\u20134515, submitted for publication.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.59.4498"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7508","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.19.7508","article-title":"From basic network principles to neural architecture: Emergence of spatial-opponent cells","volume":"83","author":"Linsker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.21.8390","article-title":"From basic network principles to neural architecture: Emergence of orientation-selective cells","volume":"83","author":"Linsker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8779","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.22.8779","article-title":"From basic network principles to neural architecture: emergence of orientation columns","volume":"83","author":"Linsker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Pulsed Neural Networks","author":"Maass","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB21"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB22","unstructured":"K. Mohraz, U. Schott, M. Pauly, Parallel simulation of pulse-coded neural networks, Proc. of the IMACS World Congress \u201997, Vol. 6, Berlin, 1997, pp. 523\u2013528."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB23","first-page":"904","article-title":"Efficient simulation of biological neural networks on massively parallel supercomputers with hypercube architecture","volume":"6","author":"Nierbur","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Preis, R. Diekmann, PARTY\u2014a software library for graph partitioning, in: B.H.V. Topping (Ed.), Advances in Computational Mechanics with Parallel and Distributed Processing, 1997, pp. 63\u201371.","DOI":"10.4203\/ccp.45.3.1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB25","unstructured":"U. Roth, F. Eckhardt, A. Jahnke, H. Klar, Efficient on-line computation of connectivity: architecture of the connection unit of NESPINN, MicroNeuro 97, Dresden, 1997, pp. 31\u201338."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U. Roth, A. Jahnke, H. Klar, Hardware requirements for spike-processing neural networks, IWANN 95, Malaga, Spain, 1995, pp. 720\u2013727.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-59497-3_243"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Schfer, G. Hartmann, A flexible hardware architecture for online hebbian learning in the sender-oriented neurocomputer spike 128K, MicroNeuro 99, Granada, 1999, pp. 316\u2013323.","DOI":"10.1109\/MN.1999.758881"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Sch\u0153nauer, S. Attasoy, N. Mehrtash, H. Klar, Simulation of a digital neuro-chip for spiking neural networks, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN\u201900, Como, Italy, 2000.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2000.860819"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Sch\u0153nauer, N. Mehrtash, A. Jahnke, H. Klar, MASPINN: Novel concepts for a neuro-accelerator for spiking neural networks, VIDYNN\u201998, Stockholm, 1998.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.343072"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB30","unstructured":"T. Sch\u0153nauer, N. Mehrtash, H. Klar, Architecture of a neuroprocessor chip for pulse-coded neural networks, ICCIN\u201998\u2014International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, RTP, N. Carolina, USA, 1998, pp. 17\u201320."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5237.758","article-title":"Development and plasticity of cortical processing architectures","volume":"270","author":"Singer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Weitzel, K. Kopecz, C. Spengler, R. Eckhorn, H.J. Reitb\u0153ck, Contour segmentation with recurrent neural networks of pulse-coding neurons, CAIP\u201997, Kiel, 1997.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63460-6_135"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Wolff, G. Hartmann, U. Rckert, ParSPIKE\u2014a parallel DSP-accelerator for dynamic simulation of large spiking neural networks, MicroNeuro 99, Granada, 1999, 324\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1109\/MN.1999.758882"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(01)00633-6_BIB34","unstructured":"C. Wolff, G. Hartmann, H. Rahne, Parallele simulation groer pulscodierter neuronaler netze auf DSPs, DSP Deutschland 99, Mnchen, 1999, pp. 267\u2013273."}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231201006336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231201006336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T22:25:22Z","timestamp":1733783122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925231201006336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0925231201006336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0925-2312(01)00633-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0925-2312"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]}}}