{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:07:41Z","timestamp":1760404061917},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0925-2312(98)00013-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T12:59:42Z","timestamp":1027601982000},"page":"189-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["CMNN: Cooperative Modular Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gasser","family":"Auda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Alpaydin, Multiple networks for function learning, in: Internat. Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 1, California, USA, 1993, pp. 9\u201314.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1993.298539"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB2","unstructured":"G. Auda, Cooperative Modular Neural Network Classifiers, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Systems Design Engineering Department, Canada, 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Auda, M. Kamel, H. Raafat, A new neural network structure with cooperative modules, in: World Congress on Computational Intelligence, vol. 3, Florida, USA, June 1994, pp. 1301\u20131306.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1994.374472"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Auda, M. Kamel, H. Raafat, Voting schemes for cooperative neural network classifiers, in: IEEE Internat. Conf. on Neural Networks, ICNN\u201995, vol. 3, Perth, Australia, November, 1995, pp. 1240\u20131243.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.487332"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Auda, M. Kamel, H. Raafat, Modular neural network architectures for classification, in: Internat. Conf. on Neural Networks (ICNN96), vol. 2, Washington D.C., USA, June 3\u20136, 1996, pp. 1279\u20131284.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1996.549082"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Bartfai, Hierarchical clustering with ART neural networks, in: World Congress on Computational Intelligence, vol. 2, Florida, USA, June 1994, pp. 940\u2013944.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1994.374307"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(94)90046-9","article-title":"Democracy in neural nets: voting schemes for classification","volume":"7","author":"Battiti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.004919","article-title":"ART2: self-organization of stable category recognition codes for analog input patterns","volume":"26","author":"Carpenter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Chernjavsky, J. Moody, Note on development of modularity in simple cortical models, in: D. Touretzky (Ed.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 2, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, 1990, pp. 133\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1990.2.3.334"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB10","unstructured":"E. Corwin, S. Greni, A. Logar, K. Whitehead, A multi-stage neural network classifier, in: World Congress on Neural networks, vol. 3, San Diego, USA, June 5\u20139, 1994, pp. 198\u2013203."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. de Bollivier, P. Gallinari, S. Thiria, Cooperation of neural nets and task decomposition, in: Internat. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 2, Seattle, USA, 1991, pp. 573\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1991.155397"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Foo, H. Szu, Solving large-scale optimization problems by divide-and-conquer neural networks, in: Internat. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 1, New York, USA, 1989, pp. 507\u2013511.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1989.118626"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB13","first-page":"139","article-title":"Army ants: a collective intelligence","volume":"77","author":"Franks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Amer. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB14","unstructured":"G. Goetsch, Maximization of mutual information in a context sensitive neural network, Technical Report CMU-CS-90-168, Carnegie Mellon University, Sept. 1990."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Hackbarth, J. Mantel, Modular connectionist structure for 100-word recognition, in: Internat. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks, vol. 2, Seattle, USA, 1991, pp. 845\u2013849.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1991.155444"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB16","unstructured":"T. Hrycej, Modular learning in Neural Networks: A Modularized Approach to Classification, Wiley, New York, 1992."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/79.180705","article-title":"Progress in supervised neural networks: What\u2019s new since Lippmann?","volume":"10","author":"Hush","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1502_2","article-title":"Task decomposition through competition in a modular connectionist architecture: the what and where vision tasks","volume":"15","author":"Jacobs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.4330020202","article-title":"Construction of a large scale neural network: simulation of handwritten japanese character recognition on ncube","volume":"2","author":"Joe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Concurrency"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12686-0","article-title":"Hierarchical visual stimuli: electrophysiological evidence for separating left hemispheric global and local processing mechanisms in humans","volume":"210","author":"Johannes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB21","unstructured":"P. Murphy, D. Aha, UCI repository of machine learning databases [http:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/\u223cmlearn\/mlrepository.html]. Technical Report, University of California, Irvine, USA, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB22","unstructured":"J. Murre, Learning and Categorization in Modular Neural Networks, Harvester-Wheatcheaf, 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB23","unstructured":"NeuralWare Inc. NeuralWorks II\/Plus: Software manual, NeuralWare Inc., PA, USA, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Normi, Comparing Voting Systems, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3985-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB25","unstructured":"M. Smith, Neural Networks for Statistical Modeling, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.4.473","article-title":"How cortical interconnectedness varies with network size","volume":"1","author":"Stevens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB27","unstructured":"P. Straffin, Topics on the Theory of Voting, The UMAP Expository Monograph Series, Birkhauser, Basel, 1980."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB28","unstructured":"W. Tsai, H. Tai, A. Reynolds, An ART2-BP supervised neural net, in: World Congress on Neural Networks, vol. 3, San Diego, USA, June 5\u20139, 1994, pp. 619\u2013624."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.1.39","article-title":"Modular construction of time-delay neural networks for speech recognition","volume":"1","author":"Waibel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00013-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/335311a0","article-title":"The functional logic of cortical connections","volume":"335","author":"Zeki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231298000137?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231298000137?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T14:11:28Z","timestamp":1578492688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925231298000137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0925231298000137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0925-2312(98)00013-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}}}