{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:31:33Z","timestamp":1792600293361,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecological Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0925-8574(02)00026-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]],"date-time":"2002-10-14T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1034593940000},"page":"647-658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":626,"title":["Phytoremediation: An ecological solution to organic chemical contamination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sridhar","family":"Susarla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor F.","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"McCutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1021\/es00049a001","article-title":"Bioremediation in the rhizosphere","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(94)90248-8","article-title":"Enhanced degradation of a mixture of three herbicides in the rhizosphere of a herbicide-tolerant plant","volume":"28","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB3","unstructured":"Ba\u00f1uelos, G., Ajwa, H.A., Zambrzuski, S., 1998. Is phytoremediation up to the selenium challenge? Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, February\/March Issue, pp. 6\u201310."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48574.x","article-title":"Screening of aquatic and wetland plant species for phytoremediation of explosives-contaminated groundwater for the Iowa Army Ammuntion Plant","volume":"829","author":"Best","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1021\/es960629v","article-title":"Uptake and metabolism of atrazine by poplar trees","volume":"31","author":"Burken","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB6","series-title":"An evaluation of the environmental fate and behavior of munitions material (TNT, RDX) in soil and plant systems","author":"Cataldo","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:2(162)","article-title":"Plant-enhanced subsurface bioremediation of nonvolatile hydrocarbons","volume":"112","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB8","series-title":"Bioremediation of Inorganics","article-title":"Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with toxic elements and radionuclides","author":"Cornish","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB9","series-title":"Bioremediation of Inorganics","article-title":"Remediation of contaminated soils and sludges by green plants","author":"Cunningham","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB10","series-title":"The Rhizhosphere","author":"Curl","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260440915","article-title":"Use of plant material for the decontamination of water polluted with phenols","volume":"44","author":"Dec","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biotech. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnelly, P.K., Fletcher, J.S., 1994a. Potential use of mycorrhizal fungi as bioremediation agents. In: Anderson, T.A. (Ed.), Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Technology. American Chemical Society. Symposium Series 563.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1994-0563.ch008"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB13","first-page":"507","article-title":"PCB metabolism by ectomycorrhizal fungi","volume":"54","author":"Donnelly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contamn. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1021\/es00005a015","article-title":"Rhizofiltration: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from aqueous streams","volume":"29","author":"Dushenkov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB15","unstructured":"EPA, 1996. A citizen's guide to phytoremediation, Technology Innovation Office, Washington, D.C."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1994.00472425002300020008x","article-title":"Hycrest crested wheatgrass accelerates the degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil","volume":"23","author":"Ferro","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(95)00161-Z","article-title":"Release of phenols by perennial plant roots and their potential importance in bioremediation","volume":"31","author":"Fletcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01028290","article-title":"Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) metabolism by plant cells","volume":"9","author":"Fletcher","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biotech. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(90)90108-6","article-title":"Influence of root exposure concentration on the fate of nitrobenzene in soybean","volume":"20","author":"Fletcher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1021\/es00047a037","article-title":"Potential environmental risks associated with new sulfonylurea herbicides","volume":"27","author":"Fletcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB21","series-title":"Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Organics","first-page":"131","article-title":"Biostimulation of PCB-degrading bacteria by compounds released from plant roots","author":"Fletcher","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB22","unstructured":"Folsom, B.L., Pennington, J.D., Teeter, C.L., Barton, M.R., Bright, J.A., 1998. Effects of soil ph and treatment level of persistence and plant uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Technical Report EL-88-22. Vicksburg, MS. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB23","unstructured":"Garrison, W., Nzengung, V.A., Avants, J.K., Ellington, J., Wolfe, N.L., 1996. Determining the environmental enantioselectivity of o,p\u2032-DDT and o,p\u2032-DDD, 17th Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds, 25\u201329 August, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.3440040307","article-title":"Vegetative remediation process offers advantages over traditional pump-and-treat technologies","volume":"4","author":"Gatliff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Remediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB25","series-title":"Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southeastern United States: Dicotyledons","first-page":"933","author":"Godfrey","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0297-174","article-title":"Plant cell biodegradation of xenobiotic nitrate ester, nitroglycerine","volume":"15","author":"Goel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1021\/es960409h","article-title":"Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures","volume":"31","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB28","series-title":"Organic Contaminants in the Environment","author":"Jones","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160630","article-title":"Effect of hybrid poplar trees on microbial populations important to hazardous waste bioremediation","volume":"16","author":"Jordahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB30","series-title":"Bioremediation of Inorganics","article-title":"Feasibility of using hyperaccumulating plants to bioremediate metal-contaminated soil","author":"Kelley","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1139\/m92-105","article-title":"Effects of intact rhizosphere microbial communities on the mineralization of surfactants in surface soils","volume":"38","author":"Knabel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB32","series-title":"Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VIII. 1995 Extended Abstracts for the Special Symposium","article-title":"Perennial plant systems using poplar trees for managing priority pollutants at landfills and industrial sites","author":"Licht","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1897\/1552-8618(1987)6[847:TUDAMO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The uptake, distribution and metabolism of four organic chemicals by soybean plants and barley roots","volume":"6","author":"McFarlane","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.3440070105","article-title":"Phytoremediation: modeling removal of TNT and its breakdown products","volume":"6","author":"Medina","year":"1996","journal-title":"Remediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB35","unstructured":"Medina, V.F., Rivera, R., Larson, S.L., McCutcheon, S.C., 1998. Phytoreactors show promise in treating munitions contaminants. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, February\/March Issue, pp. 19\u201324."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5222.302","article-title":"Plants Proving Worth in Toxic Metal Cleanup","volume":"269","author":"Moffat","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB37","unstructured":"Mueller, W.F., Bedell, G.W., Shojaee, S., Jackson, P.J., 1995. Bioremediation of TNT wastes by higher plants. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1021\/es00005a014","article-title":"Phytoextraction: the use of plants to remove heavy metals from soil","volume":"29","author":"Nanda Kumar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(93)90148-X","article-title":"Assessment of published literature on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals by vascular plants","volume":"27","author":"Nellessen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1021\/es960564w","article-title":"Uptake and biotransformation of trichloroethylene by hybrid poplars","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1986.00472425001500010012x","article-title":"Effect and disposition of TNT in a terrestrial plant","volume":"15","author":"Palazzo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(90)90002-B","article-title":"Uptake of organic chemicals by plants: a review of processes, correlations and models","volume":"21","author":"Paterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB43","unstructured":"Rennels, D., 1995. Aquatic plant-mediated transformation of halogenated aliphatic organic compounds, M.S. Thesis, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1996.00472425002500060011x","article-title":"Using minced horseradish roots for the treatment of polluted waters","volume":"25","author":"Roper","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620130511","article-title":"Pentachlorophenol: Uptake\/elimination kinetics and metabolism in an aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes","volume":"13","author":"Roy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(96)00303-X","article-title":"Uptake and transformation of trichloroethylene by edible garden plants","volume":"31","author":"Schnabel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318A","DOI":"10.1021\/es00007a002","article-title":"Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants","volume":"29","author":"Schnoor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB48","series-title":"Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Organics","article-title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere soil","author":"Schwab","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389309388441","article-title":"Beneficial effects of plants in the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic materials","volume":"23","author":"Shimp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160602","article-title":"Bacterial inoculants of forage grasses enhance degradation of 2-chlorobenzoic acid in soil","volume":"16","author":"Siciliano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB51","unstructured":"Sikora, F.J., Behrends, L.L., Coonrod, H.S., Phillips, W.D., Bader, D.F., 1998. Phytoremediation of explosives in groundwater using innovative wetlands-based treatment technologies. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, pp. 168\u2013178."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1021\/es00012a004","article-title":"Organic pollutant accumulation in vegetation","volume":"29","author":"Simonich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Susarla, S., Bacchus, S.T., Wolfe, N.L., McCutcheon, S.C., 1999. Potential species for phytoremediation of perchlorate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA\/600\/R-99\/069, Athens, GA (A Project report submitted to the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH), p. 47.","DOI":"10.1080\/15226519908500007"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB54","unstructured":"Strand, S.E., Newman, L., Ruszaj, M., Wilmoth, J., Shurtleff, B., Brandt, M., Choe, N., Ekuan, G., Duffy, J., Massman, J.W., Heilman, P.E., Gordon, M.P., 1995. Removal of trichloroethylene from aquifers using trees. In: Vidic, R.D., Pohland, F.G. (Eds.), Innovative Technologies for Site Remediation and Hazardous Waste Management, Proceedings of the National Conference of the Environmental Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA, New York, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB55","series-title":"Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VIII. 1995 Extended Abstracts for the Special Symposium","article-title":"Bioremediation of selenium by plant volatilization","author":"Terry","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1021\/es970799n","article-title":"Uptake and transformation of TNT by hybrid poplar trees","volume":"32","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170519","article-title":"Decreased transpiration in poplar trees exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-6513(89)90034-1","article-title":"Kinetics of the uptake of 14C-labeled chlorinated benznes from soil by plants","volume":"17","author":"Topp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018370010702","article-title":"Phytotransformation of trinitrotoluene and distribution of metabolic products in Myriophyllum aquaticum","volume":"19","author":"Vanderford","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB60","series-title":"Bioremediation of Inorganics","article-title":"Bioremoval of toxic elements with aquatic plants and algae","author":"Wang","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182A","DOI":"10.1021\/es972219s","article-title":"Phytoremediation on the brink of commercialization","volume":"31","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0925-8574(02)00026-5_BIB62","unstructured":"Young, D.G., 1995. The biochemical remediation of TNT contaminated soil. Ph.D. Dissertation, Auburn University, AL."}],"container-title":["Ecological Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925857402000265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925857402000265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T10:58:03Z","timestamp":1556017083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925857402000265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0925857402000265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0925-8574(02)00026-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-8574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-8574","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}}}