{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:54:46Z","timestamp":1777607686975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780444892041","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0927-0507(05)80082-9","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T19:58:53Z","timestamp":1113854333000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chapter 1 Operations research in the public sector: An introduction and a brief history"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Pollock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Maltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Weighted voting doesn't work; A mathematical analysis","volume":"19","author":"Banzhaf","year":"1965","journal-title":"Rutgers Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib2","series-title":"Applied Combinatorial Mathematics","first-page":"221","article-title":"Dynamic programming and Markovian decision processes with particular application to baseball and chess","author":"Bellman","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib3","series-title":"Systems Analysis for Social Problems","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.45.12.1304","article-title":"Things I have learned (so far)","volume":"45","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib5","series-title":"Classical Probability in the Englightenment","author":"Daston","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib6","series-title":"Analytical Techniques in Urban and Regional Planning","author":"Dickey","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib7","series-title":"An Economic Theory of Democracy","author":"Downs","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib8","series-title":"Analysis of Public Systems","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.2.2.107","article-title":"Traffic delays at toll booths","volume":"2","author":"Edie","year":"1954","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.184.4144.1328-b","article-title":"Change in operations research","volume":"184","author":"Faberge","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib11","series-title":"World Dynamics","author":"Forrester","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib12","series-title":"Cohort Analysis in Social Research: Beyond the Identification Problem","first-page":"343","article-title":"Statistics and the scientific method","author":"Freedman","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.4.1.104","article-title":"A competitive bidding strategy","volume":"4","author":"Friedman","year":"1956","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib14","series-title":"A Guide to Models in Governmental Planning and Operations","author":"Gass","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib15","series-title":"The Empire of Chance","author":"Gigerenzer","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib16","series-title":"Multi-Level Planning: Case Studies in Mexico","author":"Goreux","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib17","series-title":"The Taming of Chance","author":"Hacking","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.2.1.17","article-title":"Utilization of negro manpower in the army","volume":"2","author":"Hausrath","year":"1954","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib19","series-title":"Urban System Models","author":"Helly","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib20","series-title":"62nd U.S. Congress","author":"Hill","year":"1911"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib21","series-title":"Systems Analysis in Public Policy","author":"Hoos","year":"1972"},{"issue":"153","key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib22","first-page":"41","article-title":"Stability in competition","volume":"39","author":"Hotelling","year":"1929","journal-title":"Econom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib23","series-title":"Large Scale Models for Policy Evaluation","author":"House","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib24","first-page":"123","article-title":"The mathematical theory of the apportionment of representatives","volume":"7","author":"Huntington","year":"1921"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib25","volume":"6","author":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.","year":"1970","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Sci. Cybernet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib26","series-title":"Proceedings of IEEE","volume":"63","author":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib27","series-title":"Computer Diagnosis and Diagnostic Methods, Proceedings of a 1975 Conference","author":"Jacquez","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib28","series-title":"The Probabilistic Revolution","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib29","series-title":"Optimal Strategies in Sports","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib30","series-title":"Urban Operations Research","author":"Larson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib31","series-title":"An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences","author":"Lave","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.7.2.197","article-title":"Statistical data useful in the operations of a baseball team","volume":"7","author":"Lindsey","year":"1959","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.3.2.187","article-title":"The use of storage water in a hydroelectric system","volume":"3","author":"Little","year":"1955","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2307\/1905751","article-title":"Semiorders and a theory of utility discrimination","volume":"24","author":"Luce","year":"1956","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib35","series-title":"Management Science in Sports","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/001112877702300103","article-title":"Crime statistics: a historical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Maltz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.4.2.141","article-title":"Of horseless carriages, flying machines and operations research: A tribute to Frederick William Lanchester","volume":"4","author":"McCloskey","year":"1956","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.1.143","article-title":"The beginnings of operations research, 1934\u20131941","volume":"35","author":"McCloskey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.3.453","article-title":"British operational research in World War II","volume":"35","author":"McCloskey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.35.6.910","article-title":"U.S. operations research in World War II","volume":"35","author":"McCloskey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib41","series-title":"The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind","author":"Meadows","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib42","series-title":"Groping in the Dark: The First Decade of Global Modeling","author":"Meadows","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2307\/2343504","article-title":"A survey of operational research","volume":"129","author":"Moore","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib44","series-title":"Operations Research for Public Systems","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib45","series-title":"Methods of Operations Research","author":"Morse","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib46","series-title":"Operations Research Methods: As Applied to Political Science and the Legal Process","author":"Nagel","year":"1976"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib47","article-title":"Special Issue on Urban Planning","volume":"20","author":"ORSA","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib48","first-page":"8","author":"ORSA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carrers in Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib49","series-title":"Forestry: An Economic Challenge","author":"Pack","year":"1933"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4062.739","article-title":"Review of systems analysis in public policy: A critique","volume":"178","author":"Pollock","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib51","series-title":"The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820\u20131900","author":"Porter","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib52","series-title":"Analysis for Public Decisions","author":"Quade","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib53","series-title":"A Treatise on Man","author":"Quetelet","year":"1835-1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib54","series-title":"Rand 25th Anniversary Volume","author":"Rand Corporation","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib55","series-title":"Task Force Report: Science and Technology","author":"Science and Technology Task Force","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.103.2684.677","article-title":"On the theory of scales of measurements","volume":"103","author":"Stevens","year":"1946","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib57","series-title":"The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900","author":"Stigler","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib58","article-title":"A study of the pollution and natural purification of the Ohio River","volume":"146","author":"Streeter","year":"1925","journal-title":"U.S. Public Health Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.20.3.474","article-title":"Research in 1970\u20131971; The New York City-Rand Institute","volume":"20","author":"Szanton","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib60","series-title":"Proc. IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on Water and Air Resource Management","first-page":"345","article-title":"The use of linear programming to estimate the cost of some alternative air pollution abatement policies","author":"Teller","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4130.1141-a","article-title":"Operations research","volume":"184","author":"Waddington","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0927-0507(05)80082-9_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.39.2.183","article-title":"An existence theorem for OR\/MS","volume":"39","author":"White","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oper. Res."}],"container-title":["Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science","Operations Research and The Public Sector"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]],"date-time":"2019-01-27T02:53:39Z","timestamp":1548557619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0927050705800829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"ISBN":["9780444892041"],"references-count":62,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0927-0507(05)80082-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0927-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0927-0507","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}}}