{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:31:45Z","timestamp":1779309105130,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0928-8244(03)00370-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,16]],"date-time":"2004-01-16T10:15:36Z","timestamp":1074248136000},"page":"101-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Bridges from hospitals to the laboratory: genetic portraits of methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>clones"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Aires de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herm\u00c3\u00adnia","family":"Lencastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.3.505","article-title":"Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms and associated risks","volume":"10","author":"Kluytmans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB2","unstructured":"[2] Tenover, F.C. and Gaynes, R.P. (2000) The epidemiology of Staphylococcus infections. In: Gram-positive Pathogens (Fischetti, V.A., Novick, R.P., Ferretti, J.J., Portnoy, D.A. and Rood, J.I., Eds.), pp. 414\u00e2\u0080\u0093421. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5219.124-a","article-title":"\u00e2\u0080\u0098Celbenin\u00e2\u0080\u0099-resistant staphylococci","volume":"1","author":"Jevons","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-3-297","article-title":"The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in United States hospitals. Possible role of the house staff-patient transfer circuit","volume":"97","author":"Haley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.19.5.726","article-title":"Altered penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"19","author":"Hartman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10886","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191260798","article-title":"An acquired and a native penicillin-binding protein cooperate in building the cell wall of drug-resistant staphylococci","volume":"98","author":"Pinho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1996.2.435","article-title":"Tracking the evolutionary origin of the methicillin resistance gene: cloning and sequencing of a homologue of mecA from a methicillin susceptible strain of Staphylococcus sciuri","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1996.2.377","article-title":"Ubiquitous presence of a mecA homologue in natural isolates of Staphylococcus sciuri","volume":"2","author":"Couto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.8.2417-2424.2001","article-title":"Recruitment of the mecA gene homologue of Staphylococcus sciuri into a resistance determinant and expression of the resistant phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"183","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04832-7","article-title":"In-vivo transfer of mecA DNA to Staphylococcus aureus [corrected]","volume":"357","author":"Wielders","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1449","article-title":"Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the entire mec DNA of pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315","volume":"43","author":"Ito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1549-1555.2000","article-title":"A new class of genetic element, staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec, encodes methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"44","author":"Katayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001","article-title":"Structural comparison of three types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec integrated in the chromosome in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"45","author":"Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152773365","article-title":"The evolution of pandemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: identification of two ancestral genetic backgrounds and the associated mec elements","volume":"7","author":"Oliveira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4289-4294.2002","article-title":"Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community","volume":"40","author":"Okuma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.4.924","article-title":"Characterization of IS1272, an insertion sequence-like element from Staphylococcus haemolyticus","volume":"40","author":"Archer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00227-X","article-title":"Secrets of success of a human pathogen: molecular evolution of pandemic clones of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"2","author":"Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.8.2058-2063.1992","article-title":"Clonal analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from intercontinental sources: association of the mec gene with divergent phylogenetic lineages implies dissemination by horizontal transfer and recombination","volume":"30","author":"Musser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161098098","article-title":"Evolutionary genomics of Staphylococcus aureus: insights into the origin of methicillin-resistant strains and the toxic shock syndrome epidemic","volume":"98","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122108599","article-title":"The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"99","author":"Enright","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB21","unstructured":"[21] NNIS, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Report (2002) Data summary from January 1992 to June 2002, issued August 2002. Am. J. Infect. Control 30, 458\u00e2\u0080\u0093475."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB22","unstructured":"[22] NNIS, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Report (2001) Data summary from January 1992-June 2001, issued August 2001. Am. J. Infect. Control 29, 404\u00e2\u0080\u0093421."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00277.x","article-title":"Increasing incidence and widespread dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals in central Europe, with special reference to German hospitals","volume":"3","author":"Witte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1086\/320184","article-title":"Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997\u00e2\u0080\u00931999","volume":"32","author":"Diekema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.880-882.2002","article-title":"High prevalence of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized patients in Asia-Pacific and South Africa: results from SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1998\u00e2\u0080\u00931999","volume":"46","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB26","unstructured":"[26] EARSS, European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2002) Annual report EARSS \u00e2\u0080\u0093 2001, Bilthoven. Available at http:\/\/www.earss.rivm.nl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-55-2-235","article-title":"Treatment of severe staphylococcal infections with vancomycin","volume":"55","author":"Woodley","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility","volume":"40","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160806","article-title":"The prevalence and mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"56","author":"Walsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07324-8","article-title":"Dissemination in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin","volume":"350","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2439-2444.2001","article-title":"Evaluation of current methods for detection of staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides","volume":"39","author":"Walsh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400704","article-title":"The development of vancomycin resistance in a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"340","author":"Sieradzki","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01017-X","article-title":"Vancomycin in surgical infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin","volume":"353","author":"Ariza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf132","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) shows that the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Iberian\u00e2\u0080\u0099 clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has spread to France and acquired reduced susceptibility to teicoplanin","volume":"50","author":"Heym","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf252","article-title":"The first Staphylococcus aureus isolates with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Poland","volume":"50","author":"Krzyszton-Russjan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050380","article-title":"Presence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Germany","volume":"18","author":"Bierbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1086\/501932","article-title":"Isolation in Brazil of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin","volume":"22","author":"Oliveira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.5.729","article-title":"Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin of nosocomial isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"43","author":"Kantzanou","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.253","article-title":"Similarity of antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular typing properties of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates widely spread in hospitals in New York City and in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan","volume":"6","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1086\/515610","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 12 New York hospitals. MRSA Collaborative Study Group","volume":"178","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.5.1243-1246.1995","article-title":"Evidence for the geographic spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone between Portugal and Spain","volume":"33","author":"Sanches","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.9.2081-2087.1994","article-title":"Spread and maintenance of a dominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone during an outbreak of MRSA disease in a Spanish hospital","volume":"32","author":"Dominguez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2400-2404.1995","article-title":"Geographic spread of epidemic multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in Brazil","volume":"33","author":"Teixeira","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198807213190307","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium","volume":"319","author":"Leclercq","year":"1988","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05089.x","article-title":"Co-transfer of vancomycin and other resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12201 to Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"72","author":"Noble","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB46","unstructured":"[46] CDC, Centers for Disease Control (2002) Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin, United States, 2002. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 51, 565\u00e2\u0080\u0093567."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB47","unstructured":"[47] CDC, Centers for Disease Control (2002) Public health dispatch: vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pennsylvania, 2002. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 51, 902\u00e2\u0080\u0093903."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90100-E","article-title":"Genetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Australia","volume":"25","author":"Udo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB49","unstructured":"[49] CDC, Centers for Disease Control (1999) Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus\u00e2\u0080\u0093 Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997\u00e2\u0080\u00931999. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 48, 707\u00e2\u0080\u0093710."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1086\/345436","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors","volume":"36","author":"Salgado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.6.1123","article-title":"Efficient detection and long-term persistence of the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"19","author":"Sanford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1201","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rural American Indian community","volume":"286","author":"Groom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90076-7","article-title":"Clinical experience and outcomes of community-acquired and nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a northern Australian hospital","volume":"38","author":"Maguire","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3806-3815.2003","article-title":"Evolution of sporadic isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals and their similarities to isolates of community-acquired MRSA","volume":"41","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1086\/342576","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in France: emergence of a single clone that produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin","volume":"35","author":"Dufour","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0806.010313","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Finland","volume":"8","author":"Salmenlinna","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.2858-2862.1999","article-title":"Community strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in a hospital outbreak","volume":"37","author":"O'Brien","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.suppl_1.31","article-title":"Costs of treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"44","author":"Carbon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB59","unstructured":"[59] Salyers, A.A. and Whitt, D.D. (2002) How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. In: Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach (Salyers, A.A. and Whitt, D.D., Eds.), pp. 168\u00e2\u0080\u0093184. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1086\/345476","article-title":"Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1086\/367653","article-title":"Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection","volume":"36","author":"Engemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050324","article-title":"A Dutch approach to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"18","author":"Verhoef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990102","article-title":"The economic impact of Staphylococcus aureus infection in New York City hospitals","volume":"5","author":"Rubin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1086\/513749","article-title":"Reemergence of gentamicin-susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: roles of an infection control program and changes in aminoglycoside use","volume":"25","author":"Aubry-Damon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3452-3457.1999","article-title":"Emergence and spread in French hospitals of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with increasing susceptibility to gentamicin and other antibiotics","volume":"37","author":"Lelievre","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.2.231","article-title":"Predominance of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone susceptible to erythromycin and several other non-beta-lactam antibiotics in a Greek hospital","volume":"48","author":"Polyzou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.3.277","article-title":"Fitness and competitive growth advantage of new gentamicin-susceptible MRSA clones spreading in French hospitals","volume":"47","author":"Laurent","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1996.tb00193.x","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for appropriate use and evaluation of microbial epidemiologic typing systems","volume":"2","author":"Struelens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB69","unstructured":"[69] de Lencastre, H., Santos Sanches, I. and Tomasz, A. (2000) CEM\/NET: clinical microbiology and molecular biology in alliance. In: Streptococcus pneumoniae\u00e2\u0080\u0093 Molecular Biology and Mechanisms of Disease (Tomasz, A., Ed.), pp. 451\u00e2\u0080\u0093456. Mary Ann Liebert, Larchmont, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1574-1585.2003","article-title":"Harmonization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by consensus in 10 European centers and its use to plot the spread of related strains","volume":"41","author":"Murchan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00064.x","article-title":"Clonal dissemination of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Belgium and neighboring countries","volume":"6","author":"Deplano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2197-2205.2001","article-title":"Three-year assessment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Latin America from 1996 to 1998","volume":"39","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.2027-2032.2003","article-title":"Two international methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones endemic in a university hospital in Patras, Greece","volume":"41","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.159-163.2003","article-title":"Frequent recovery of a single clonal type of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from patients in two hospitals in Taiwan and China","volume":"41","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1086\/342292","article-title":"Laboratory characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals: results of 5 years of National Surveillance, 1995\u00e2\u0080\u00931999","volume":"186","author":"Simor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-6-516","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the dominant UK methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16","volume":"51","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB77","first-page":"3198","article-title":"[How an outbreak of MRSA in Gothenburg was eliminated: by strict hygienic routines and massive control-culture program]","volume":"99","author":"Seeberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[78] Melo-Cristino, J. and POSGAR (1998) Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci and enterococci in 10 Portuguese hospitals in 1996 and 1997. Microb. Drug Resist. 4, 319\u00e2\u0080\u0093324.","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1998.4.319"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08713-5","article-title":"Genome and virulence determinants of high virulence community-acquired MRSA","volume":"359","author":"Baba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1998.tb00081.x","article-title":"Virtually all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the largest Portuguese teaching hospital are caused by two internationally spread multiresistant strains: the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Iberian\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and the \u00e2\u0080\u0098Brazilian\u00e2\u0080\u0099 clones of MRSA","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3481-3485.2001","article-title":"Development of a Canadian standardized protocol for subtyping methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"39","author":"Mulvey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290260469561","article-title":"Clonal and antibiotic resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a Portuguese hospital over time","volume":"8","author":"Amorim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2119-2125.2002","article-title":"Epidemiologic genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis at a university hospital and comparison with antibiotyping and protein A and coagulase gene polymorphisms","volume":"40","author":"Montesinos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002","article-title":"Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3323-3326.2003","article-title":"Multi-locus sequence typing of Staphylococcus aureus with DNA array technology","volume":"41","author":"Leeuwen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1086\/315342","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the accessory gene regulator (agr) locus and balance of virulence factor expression in epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"181","author":"Papakyriacou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/314682","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales","volume":"179","author":"Austin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1086\/520442","article-title":"Cross-Canada spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via transplant organs","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-12-1109","article-title":"Contamination of expressed human breast milk with an epidemic multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus clone","volume":"49","author":"Novak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5-BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1089\/107662900419447","article-title":"Epidemiological study of staphylococcal colonization and cross-infection in two West African Hospitals","volume":"6","author":"Aires de Sousa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."}],"container-title":["FEMS Immunology &amp; Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-pdf\/40\/2\/101\/19166843\/40-2-101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T03:32:57Z","timestamp":1585452777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00370-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0928-8244(03)00370-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-8244","1574-695X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1574-695X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}