{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:39:04Z","timestamp":1779341944229,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,1]],"date-time":"1996-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":828316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Cell Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0955-0674(96)80065-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T10:32:55Z","timestamp":1027593175000},"page":"189-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Heterotrimeric G proteins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Heidi E","family":"Hamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60250-0","article-title":"Signal-transducing G proteins: basic and clinical implications","volume":"47","author":"Emala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90407-7","article-title":"Heterotrimeric G proteins: organizers of transmembrane signals","volume":"80","author":"Neer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29059","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.49.29059","article-title":"G\u03b2\u03b3 binds directly to the G protein-gated K+ channel, LKACh","volume":"270","author":"Krapivinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00620-O","article-title":"Role of heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins in vesicular protein transport: indications for both classical and alternative G protein cycles","volume":"369","author":"Helms","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560030102","article-title":"G proteins; critical control points for transmembrane signals","volume":"3","author":"Neer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41792-3","article-title":"G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"269","author":"Ueda","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6220","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.13.6220","article-title":"Interaction between G-protein \u03b2 and \u03b3 subunit types is selective","volume":"89","author":"Pronin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31768-4","article-title":"A fifth member of the mammalian G-protein \u03b2-subunit family. Expression in brain and activation of the \u03b22 isotype of phospholipase C","volume":"269","author":"Watson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1979","article-title":"Determination of the complete covalent structure of the \u03b32 subunit of bovine brain \u03b3 proteins by mass spectrometry","volume":"212","author":"Wilcox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.37.21765","article-title":"Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein \u03b3 subunits, including three novel forms designated the \u03b34, \u03b310, and \u03b311 subunits","volume":"270","author":"Ray","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8779","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.15.8779","article-title":"Identification of a discrete region of the G protein \u03b3 subunit conferring selectivity in \u03b2\u03b3 complex formation","volume":"270","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/379369a0","article-title":"The 2.1 \u00c5 crystal structure of a G protein \u03b2\u03b3 dimer","volume":"379","author":"Sondek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB13_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"The 2.0 \u00c5 crystal structure of a heterotrimeric G protein","volume":"370","author":"Lambright","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6757","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6757","article-title":"A novel GTP-binding protein \u03b3-subunit, G\u03b38, is expressed during neurogenesis in the olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia","volume":"270","author":"Ryba","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(95)00068-O","article-title":"Developmental expression of G\u03b1o and G\u03b1s isoforms in PC12 cells: relationship to neurite outgrowth","volume":"88","author":"Andreopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20550.x","article-title":"Cloning of a molluscan G protein \u03b1 subunit of the Gq class which is expressed differentially in identified neurons","volume":"230","author":"Knol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15269","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.25.15269","article-title":"Factors determining specificity of signal transduction by G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"270","author":"Sato","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.1315","article-title":"Trimeric G protein \u03b3 subunits of the Gs and Gi families localized at the golgi membrane","volume":"208","author":"Maier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/372804a0","article-title":"XL\u03b1s is a new type of G protein","volume":"372","author":"Kehlenbach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)01212-1","article-title":"Rapid kinetics of G protein subunit association: a rate-limiting conformational change?","volume":"355","author":"Neubig","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.11.7649405","article-title":"Structural and functional relationship of heterotrimeric G-proteins","volume":"9","author":"Rens-Domiano","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.2.503","article-title":"Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins","volume":"270","author":"Wedegaertner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3101021","article-title":"The role of palmitoylation of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G11\u03b1 in defining interaction with the plasma membrane","volume":"310","author":"McCallum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30898","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47366-8","article-title":"Palmitoylation of a G protein \u03b1i subunit requires membrane localization not myristoylation","volume":"269","author":"Degtyarev","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14081","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00251a017","article-title":"Roles of lipid modifications of transducin subunits in their GDP-dependent association and membrane binding","volume":"33","author":"Bigay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3020913","article-title":"The palmitoylation status of the G-protein Go1\u03b1 regulates its avidity of interaction with the plasma membrane","volume":"302","author":"Grassie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)62023-5","article-title":"Regulation of cAMP-mediated gene transcription by wild type and mutated G-protein \u03b1 subunits","volume":"269","author":"Migeon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89004-0","article-title":"The dynamic role of palmitoylation in signal transduction","volume":"20","author":"Milligan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6436","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6436","article-title":"Involvement of N-myristoylation in monoclonal antibody recognition on chimeric G protein \u03b1 subunits","volume":"270","author":"Justice","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3050411","article-title":"Identification of the in vitro phosphorylation sites on Gs\u03b1 mediated by pp60c-src","volume":"305","author":"Moyers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23119","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.39.23119","article-title":"Phosphorylation of Gz\u03b1 by protein kinase C blocks interaction with the \u03b2\u03b3 complex","volume":"270","author":"Fields","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/366654a0","article-title":"The 2.2 \u00c5 crystal structure of transducin-\u03b1 complexed with GTP\u03b3S","volume":"366","author":"Noel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/369621a0","article-title":"Structural determinants for activation of the \u03b1-subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein","volume":"369","author":"Lambright","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/372276a0","article-title":"GTPase mechanism of G proteins from the 1.7-\u00c5 crystal structure of transducin \u03b1\u00b7GDP\u00b7AIF4\u2212","volume":"372","author":"Sondek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8073283","article-title":"Structures of active conformations of Gi\u03b11 and the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis","volume":"269","author":"Coleman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5238.954","article-title":"Tertiary and quaternary structural changes in Gl\u03b11 induced by GTP hydrolysis","volume":"270","author":"Mixon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.1.413","article-title":"Mapping of effector binding sites of transducin \u03b1-subunit using G\u03b1t\/G\u03b1i1 chimeras","volume":"271","author":"Skiba","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43878-1","article-title":"Requirement for intramolecular domain interaction in activation of G protein \u03b1 subunit by aluminum fluoride and GDP but not by GTP\u03b3S","volume":"269","author":"Codina","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8266082","article-title":"Separate GTP binding and GTPase activating domains of a G\u03b1 subunit","volume":"262","author":"Markby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5238.933","article-title":"Trimeric G proteins: surprise witness tells a tale","volume":"270","author":"Bourne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb0195-36","article-title":"Substrate-assisted catalysis as a mechanism for GTP hydrolysis of p21 Ras","volume":"2","author":"Schweins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-440X(95)80015-8","article-title":"Regulatory GTPases","volume":"5","author":"Hilgenfeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/340692a0","article-title":"GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumors","volume":"340","author":"Landis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB44","first-page":"297","article-title":"The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD repeat proteins","volume":"300","author":"Neer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90220-1","article-title":"The structure of the G protein heterotrimer Gi\u03b11\u03b21\u03b32","volume":"83","author":"Wall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7716512","article-title":"Protein lipidation in cell signaling","volume":"268","author":"Casey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14835","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.24.14835","article-title":"Regions outside of the CAAX motif influence the specificity of prenylation of G protein \u03b3 subunits","volume":"270","author":"Kalman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37077-1","article-title":"In vitro processing of recombinant G protein \u03b3 subunits","volume":"269","author":"Higgins","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00015a006","article-title":"S-Prenylated cysteine analogues inhibit receptor-mediated G protein activation in native human granulocyte and reconstituted bovine retinal rod outer segment membranes","volume":"34","author":"Scheer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)51100-0","article-title":"Multiple domains of G protein \u03b2 confer subunit specificity in \u03b2\u03b3 interaction","volume":"269","author":"Garritsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1998","article-title":"A segment of the C-terminal half of the G-protein \u03b21 subunit specifies its interaction with the \u03b31 subunit","volume":"92","author":"Katz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2341","article-title":"Carboxyl terminal of G protein \u03b2 subunit is required for association with \u03b3 subunit","volume":"214","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31727-1","article-title":"A 14-amino acid region of the G protein \u03b3 subunit is sufficient to confer selectivity of \u03b3 binding to the \u03b2 subunit","volume":"269","author":"Spring","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7706","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7706","article-title":"The N-terminal coiled-coil domain of \u03b2 is essential for \u03b3 association: a model for G-protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunit interaction","volume":"90","author":"Garritsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54091-6","article-title":"Mutational analysis of G protein \u03b1 subunit Go\u03b1 expressed in Escherichia coli","volume":"268","author":"Slepak","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950150107","article-title":"Interaction of rhodopsin with the G-protein, transducin","volume":"15","author":"Hargrave","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41888-1","article-title":"Rhodopsin\u2014transducin interactions. I. Characterization of the binding of the transducin-\u03b2\u03b3 subunit complex to rhodopsin using fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"267","author":"Phillips","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31815-X","article-title":"A farnesylated domain in the G protein \u03b3 subunit is a specific determinant of receptor coupling","volume":"269","author":"Kisselev","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.1.361","article-title":"Potent peptide analogues of a G-protein receptor binding region obtained with a combinatorial library","volume":"271","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31835-5","article-title":"Synthetic peptides as probes for G protein function. Carboxyl-terminal G-alpha(s) peptides mimic G(s) and evoke high affinity agonist binding to the beta-adrenergic receptors","volume":"269","author":"Rasenick","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3136547","article-title":"Site of G protein binding to rhodopsin mapped with synthetic peptides from the \u03b1 subunit","volume":"241","author":"Hamm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/362770a0","article-title":"Projection structure of rhodopsin","volume":"362","author":"Schertler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB63","first-page":"27618","article-title":"Binding of an \u03b12 adrenergic receptor third intracellular loop peptide to G\u03b2 and the amino terminus of G\u03b1","volume":"269","author":"Taylor","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00016a028","article-title":"Interactions between the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of G\u03b1 subunits: analysis of mutated G\u03b1o\/G\u03b1i2 chimeras","volume":"34","author":"Denker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.8.4037","article-title":"Functional analysis of a dominant negative mutant of G\u03b1i2","volume":"270","author":"Slepak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1317058","article-title":"A site on rod G protein \u03b1 subunit that mediates effector activation","volume":"256","author":"Rarick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb1194-771","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of the transducin\u2014phosphodiesterase interaction","volume":"1","author":"Spickofsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB68","first-page":"21748","article-title":"Chimeric G\u03b1s\/G\u03b1i2 proteins define domains on G\u03b1s that interact with tubulin for \u03b2-adrenergic activation of adenylyl cyclase","volume":"269","author":"Popova","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/365403a0","article-title":"New roles for G-protein \u03b2\u03b3-dimers in transmembrane signalling","volume":"365","author":"Clapham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7667635","article-title":"Association of the yeast pheromone response G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits with the MAP kinase scaffold ste5p","volume":"269","author":"Whiteway","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/370143a0","article-title":"Activation of the cloned muscarinic potassium channel by G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"370","author":"Reuveny","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6542","article-title":"Evidence that neuronal G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channels are activated by G\u03b2\u03b3 subunits and function as heteromultimers","volume":"92","author":"Kofuji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2072","article-title":"G\u03b2\u03b3 directly binds to the carboxyl terminus of the G protein-gated muscarinic K+ channel, GIRK1","volume":"212","author":"Inanobe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90102-7","article-title":"Identification of structural elements involved in G protein gating of the GIRK1 potassium channel","volume":"15","author":"Slesinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90101-9","article-title":"Evidence that direct binding of G\u03b2\u03b3 to the GIRK1 G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel is important for channel activation","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/360684a0","article-title":"Isozyme-selective stimulation of phospholipase C-\u03b22 by G protein \u03b2\u03b3-subunits","volume":"360","author":"Camps","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98401-2","article-title":"Regulation of purified subtypes of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C \u03b2 by G protein \u03b1 and \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"268","author":"Smrcka","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB78","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C-\u03b23 in intestinal muscle: dual requirement for \u03b1 and \u03b2\u03b3 subunits of Gi3","volume":"47","author":"Murthy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30068","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.50.30068","article-title":"The G protein beta\u2014gamma subunit transduces the muscarinic receptor signal for Ca++ release in Xenopus oocytes","volume":"270","author":"Stehnobittel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54106-5","article-title":"Regulation of purified type I and type II adenylyl cyclases by G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"269","author":"Taussig","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7761832","article-title":"A region of adenylyl cyclase 2 critical for regulation by G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"268","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3623","article-title":"Stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity in bovine rod outer segments by the \u03b2\u03b3 subunit of transducin and its inhibition by the \u03b1 subunit","volume":"84","author":"Jelsema","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/337557a0","article-title":"G-protein \u03b2\u03b3-subunits activate the cardiac muscarinic K+-channel via phospholipase A2","volume":"337","author":"Kim","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB84","first-page":"532","article-title":"Regulation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase by G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits in a rat osteosarcoma cell line","volume":"48","author":"Morris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6589","article-title":"Sequestration of a G-protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunit or ADP-ribosylation of Rho can inhibit thrombin-induced activation of platelet phosphoinositide 3-kinases","volume":"270","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11256","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.11256","article-title":"Binding of \u03b2\u03b3 subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase","volume":"91","author":"Tsukada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8601","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.19.8601","article-title":"Activation of Tsk and Btk tyrosine kinases by G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits","volume":"92","author":"Langhans-Rajasekaran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/376737a0","article-title":"Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca2+-induced regulation of ion channel and MAPK functions","volume":"376","author":"Lev","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37127-2","article-title":"cAMP and \u03b2\u03b3 subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in COS-7 cells","volume":"269","author":"Faure","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00643-N","article-title":"G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunit activates Ras, Raf, and MAP kinase in HEK 294 cells","volume":"368","author":"Ito","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18655","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.31.18655","article-title":"Activation of Jun kinase\/stress-activated protein kinase by GTPase-deficient mutants of G\u03b112 and G\u03b113","volume":"270","author":"Vara Prasad","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9284","article-title":"G protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits stimulate phosphorylation of Shc adapter protein","volume":"92","author":"Touhara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/376781a0","article-title":"Receptor-tyrosine kinase- and G\u03b2\u03b3-mediated MAP kinase activation by a common signalling pathway","volume":"376","author":"Van Biesen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1325672","article-title":"Role of \u03b2\u03b3 subunits of G proteins in targeting the \u03b2 adrenergic receptor kinase to membrane-bound receptors","volume":"257","author":"Pitcher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14251","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.24.14251","article-title":"A direct interaction between G-protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase","volume":"270","author":"Pumiglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00258-B","article-title":"The small G-protein ARF1GDP binds to the Gt\u03b2\u03b3 subunit of transducin but not to Gt\u03b1GDP-Gt\u03b2\u03b3","volume":"362","author":"Franco","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24564","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.41.24564","article-title":"Heterotrimeric G proteins interact with the small GTPase ARF","volume":"270","author":"Colombo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99917-5","article-title":"Synergistic activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor kinase by G-protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunits and mastoparan or related peptides","volume":"269","author":"Haga","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53090-8","article-title":"The binding site for the \u03b2\u03b3 subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins on the \u03b2-adrenergic receptor kinase","volume":"268","author":"Koch","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05586.x","article-title":"Dominant-negative mutants of a yeast G-protein \u03b2 subunit identify two functional regions involved in pheromone signalling","volume":"11","author":"Leberer","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4571","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.7.4571","article-title":"Biochemical and genetic analysis of dominant-negative mutations affecting a yeast G-protein \u03b3 subunit","volume":"14","author":"Grishin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.5.3223","article-title":"Genetic identification of residues involved in association of \u03b1 and \u03b2 G-protein subunits","volume":"14","author":"Whiteway","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.12.3549","article-title":"Regulatory role of the G\u03b11 subunit in controlling cellular morphogenesis in Dictyostelium","volume":"120","author":"Dharmawardhane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.6.C1460","article-title":"Constitutively active mutant Gs\u03b1 (G225T) and null-mutant G\u03b1i2 (G203T) induce primitive endoderm from stem cells","volume":"268","author":"Gao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.1.349","article-title":"Discordant signal transduction and growth inhibition of small cell lung carcinomas induced by expression of GTPase-deficient G\u03b116","volume":"271","author":"Heasley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00189921","article-title":"Mutations of signal-transducing G proteins in human disease","volume":"73","author":"Schnabel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10488","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10488","article-title":"Oncogenic potential of guanine nucleotide stimulatory factor \u03b1subunit in thyroid glands of transgenic mice","volume":"91","author":"Michiels","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(96)80065-2_BIB108_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and adenocarcinoma of the colon in G\u03b1i2-deficient mice","volume":"10","author":"Rudolf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Genet"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955067496800652?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955067496800652?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T12:44:46Z","timestamp":1620132286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955067496800652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0955067496800652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0955-0674(96)80065-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-0674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-0674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,4]]}}}