{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:51:28Z","timestamp":1783036288152,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0957-4174(01)00015-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1027634350000},"page":"299-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["A stage model of organizational knowledge management: a latent content analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jang-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Gul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171113","article-title":"Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation analysis in the US semiconductor industry","volume":"17","author":"Almeida","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140105","article-title":"Strategic assets and organizational rent","volume":"18","author":"Amit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171112","article-title":"How does knowledge flow? Interfirm patterns in the semiconductor industry","volume":"17","author":"Appleyard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB4","series-title":"The practice of social research","author":"Babbie","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB5","series-title":"The knowledge link","author":"Badaracco","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB6","series-title":"Knowledge management and organizational design","first-page":"209","article-title":"Building intelligence networks","author":"Baker","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700108","article-title":"Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage","volume":"17","author":"Barney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2.1.40","article-title":"Organizational learning and communities of practice","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2307\/2393553","article-title":"Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation","volume":"March","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB10","first-page":"118","article-title":"Competing on resources: strategy in the 1990s","volume":"July\/August","author":"Collis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB11","series-title":"Working knowledge","author":"Davenport","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB12","first-page":"43","article-title":"Successful knowledge management projects","volume":"Winter","author":"Davenport","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB13","series-title":"The marketing information revolution","first-page":"270","article-title":"Harnessing the marketing information revolution: Toward the market-driven learning organization","author":"Day","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)90250-8","article-title":"Understanding knowledge management","volume":"30","author":"Demarest","year":"1997","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB15","series-title":"Knowledge in organizations","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge as strategy","author":"Earl","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(1998120)19:12<1193::AID-SMJ5>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Resource recombinations in the firm: knowledge structures and the potential for Schumpeterian innovations","volume":"19","author":"Galunic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB17","first-page":"78","article-title":"Building a learning organization","volume":"July\/August","author":"Garvin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB18","first-page":"76","article-title":"Managing the four stages of EDP growth","volume":"January\/February","author":"Gibson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2307\/41166664","article-title":"The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation","volume":"33","author":"Grant","year":"1991","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.7.4.375","article-title":"Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration","volume":"7","author":"Grant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB21","first-page":"109","article-title":"Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm","volume":"17","author":"Grant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academy of Management Executive"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2307\/41165951","article-title":"Firms as knowledge brokers: lessons in pursuing continuous innovation","volume":"40","author":"Hargadon","year":"1998","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, K. (1999). Knowledge Management Scenario, GartnerGroup's Conference Presentation: Key Issue.","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19990048"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250151006","article-title":"A model of knowledge management and the N-form corporation","volume":"15","author":"Hedlund","year":"1994","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB26","series-title":"Knowing in firms","first-page":"123","article-title":"Knowledge and the concept of trust","author":"Heumer","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB27","series-title":"Knowing in firms","first-page":"173","article-title":"Knowledge enablers","author":"Ichijo","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(97)00020-1","article-title":"Leveraging collective intellect by building organizational capabilities","volume":"13","author":"Junarkar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Expert Systems With Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB29","series-title":"The organizational behavior reader","first-page":"676","article-title":"Managing the human side of change","author":"Kanter","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB30","series-title":"Foundations of behavioral research","author":"Kerlinger","year":"1974"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.3.3.383","article-title":"Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology","volume":"3","author":"Kogut","year":"1992","journal-title":"Organization Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB32","series-title":"Knowledge in organizations","first-page":"37","article-title":"Informal networks: The company","author":"Krackhardt","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)90258-2","article-title":"Leveraging invisible assets: the human factor","volume":"30","author":"Lank","year":"1997","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171109","article-title":"Knowledge, strategy, and the theory of the firm","volume":"17","author":"Liebeskind","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB35","series-title":"Knowledge management and its integrative elements","author":"Liebowitz","year":"1997"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.10.1161","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the corporate life cycle","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171108","article-title":"Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer","volume":"17","author":"Mowery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB38","series-title":"Knowledge management and organizational design","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge management and organizational design: An introduction","author":"Myers","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB39","series-title":"Research methods in the social science","author":"Nachmias","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB40","series-title":"The knowledge-creating company","author":"Nonaka","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.5.1.14","article-title":"A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation","volume":"5","author":"Nonaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Organizational Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB42","series-title":"If only we know what we know","author":"O'Dell","year":"1998"},{"issue":"May\/June","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.1998.683179","article-title":"Knowledge management systems: converting and connection","author":"O'Leary","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB44","first-page":"557","article-title":"Information systems and organizational learning: the social epistemology of organizational knowledge systems","volume":"6","author":"Pentland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accounting, Management, and Information Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140303","article-title":"The cornerstones of competitive advantage: a resource-based view","volume":"14","author":"Petraf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB46","series-title":"Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance","author":"Porter","year":"1985"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2307\/41165952","article-title":"Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries","volume":"40","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB48","series-title":"Knowledge in organizations","article-title":"Introduction to knowledge in organizations","author":"Prusak","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.3930270105","article-title":"Strategic alliances, organizational learning, and competitive advantage: the HRM agenda","volume":"27","author":"Pucik","year":"1988","journal-title":"Human Resource Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5465\/AME.1996.9704111471","article-title":"Leveraging intellect","volume":"10","author":"Quinn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academy of Management Executive"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.29.1.33","article-title":"Organizational life cycles and shifting criteria of effectiveness: some preliminary evidence","volume":"29","author":"Quinn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1997.9707180259","article-title":"Towards a theory of strategic change: a multi-lens perspective and integrative framework","volume":"22","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB53","series-title":"Knowing and strategy","first-page":"69","article-title":"Beyond the knowledge worker","author":"Romer","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2307\/41165944","article-title":"The state of the notion: knowledge management in practice","volume":"40","author":"Ruggles","year":"1998","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB55","first-page":"7","article-title":"The leader's new work: building learning organizations","volume":"Fall","author":"Senge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171106","article-title":"Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm","volume":"17","author":"Spender","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB57","series-title":"Knowledge management and organizational design","first-page":"179","article-title":"Motivating knowledge workers\u2014The challenge for the 1990s","author":"Tampoe","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Dynamic capabilities and strategic management","volume":"18","author":"Teece","year":"1997","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250171104","article-title":"The firm as a distributed knowledge system: a constructionist approach","volume":"17","author":"Tsoukas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2307\/258786","article-title":"Explaining development and change in organizations","volume":"20","author":"Van de Ven","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2307\/41165947","article-title":"Care in knowledge creation","volume":"40","author":"Von Krogh","year":"1998","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB62","series-title":"Knowledge management methods","author":"Wiig","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)90256-9","article-title":"Integrating intellectual capital and knowledge management","volume":"30","author":"Wiig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(01)00015-X_BIB64","series-title":"The competitive challenge: Strategies for industrial innovation and renewal","first-page":"159","article-title":"Knowledge and competency as strategic assets","author":"Winter","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741740100015X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741740100015X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T16:01:19Z","timestamp":1733414479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095741740100015X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S095741740100015X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0957-4174(01)00015-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}}}