{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:41:46Z","timestamp":1761154906477},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1053-4296(99)80051-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T12:05:14Z","timestamp":1149249914000},"page":"4-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Managing geometric uncertainty in conformal intensity-modulated radation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"D.A.","family":"Jaffray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597848","article-title":"Intensity modulation optimization, lateral transport of radiation, and margins","volume":"23","author":"Mohan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib2","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"33","article-title":"Decision criteria and correction strategies on the clinical use of electronic digital portal imagers","author":"Vos","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597722","article-title":"Verification and correction of setup deviations in tangential breast irradiation using EPID: Gain versus workload","volume":"23","author":"Pouliot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(95)80006-9","article-title":"Control, correction, and modeling of setup errors and organ motion","volume":"5","author":"Kutcher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02037-3","article-title":"Intra- and interfractional reproducibility of tangential breast fields: A prospective on-line portal imaging study","volume":"34","author":"Fein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(93)90252-4","article-title":"Role of portal imaging in clinical radiotherapy: Florence experience","volume":"29","author":"Cionini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00526-3","article-title":"Measurement of patient positioning errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of the prostate","volume":"37","author":"Hanley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(95)01613-L","article-title":"Prostate motion during standard radiotherapy as assessed by fiducial markers","volume":"37","author":"Crook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00116-6","article-title":"Quantification of organ motion during conformal radiotherapy of the prostate by three dimensional image registration","volume":"33","author":"van Herk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiot Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00225-1","article-title":"Evaluation of changes in the size and location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum during a course of external beam radiotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Roeske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02081-0","article-title":"Analysis of prostate and seminal vesicle motion: Implication for treatment planning","volume":"34","author":"Beard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02162-0","article-title":"Variation in prostate position relative to adjacent bony anatomy","volume":"34","author":"Althof","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02083-7","article-title":"Automated localization of the prostate at the time of treatment using implanted radiopaque markers: Technical feasibility","volume":"33","author":"Balter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib14","first-page":"975","article-title":"Ultrasound image fusion for external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Holupka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3109\/02841868409136037","article-title":"Dosimetric precision requirements in radiation therapy","volume":"23","author":"Brahme","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596958","article-title":"Tomotherapy: A new concept for the delivery of dynamic conformal radiotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Mackie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/9\/004","article-title":"Intensity-modulated arc therapy with dynamic multileaf collimation: An alternative to tomotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/43\/1\/006","article-title":"Effects of intra-fraction organ motion on the delivery of dynamic intensity modulation","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597909","article-title":"An investigation of tomotherapy beam delivery","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00215-4","article-title":"Tumor and target delineation: Current research and future challenges","volume":"33","author":"Austin-Seymour","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.1850060107","article-title":"Tomotherapy: Optimized planning and delivery of radiation therapy","volume":"6","author":"Mackie","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib22","first-page":"1112","article-title":"The degree of precision required in the radiation dose delivered in cancer radiotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Herring","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90056-1","article-title":"The four P's of human error in treatment delivery","volume":"4","author":"Hendrickson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib24","series-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"274","article-title":"When and how to correct a patient setup","author":"Shalev","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00567-1","article-title":"The use of adaptive radiation therapy to reduce setup error: A prospective clinical study","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197407)34:1<83::AID-CNCR2820340112>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Localization error in the radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease and malignant lymphoma, with extended mantle fields","volume":"34","author":"Marks","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(85)90046-X","article-title":"Accuracy of radiation field alignment in clinical practice","volume":"11","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596878","article-title":"A review of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs)","volume":"19","author":"Boyer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib29","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"27","article-title":"State of the art in electronic portal imaging","author":"Shalev","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02034-9","article-title":"A quality control study of the accuracy of patient positioning in irradiation of pelvic fields","volume":"34","author":"Creutzberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00551-8","article-title":"Portal imaging protocol for radical dose-escalated radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer","volume":"40","author":"Mubata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00152-6","article-title":"Accuracy of field alignment in abdominal radiation therapy","volume":"35","author":"Kortmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02189-2","article-title":"Prospective clinical evaluation of an electronic portal imaging device","volume":"34","author":"Michalski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00341-0","article-title":"Electronic portal imaging device detection of radioopaque markers for the evaluation of prostate position during megavoltage irradiation: A clinical study","volume":"37","author":"Vigneault","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib35","article-title":"Radiographic and tomographic localization of bone and soft-tissue targets on a clinical accelerator","author":"Jaffray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90176-7","article-title":"Coping with prostate and seminal vesicle motion in three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy","volume":"28","author":"Leibel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90170-9","article-title":"The role of uncertainty analysis in treatment planning","volume":"21","author":"Urie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/1\/007","article-title":"Respiration gated radiotherapy treatment: A technical study","volume":"41","author":"Kubo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00275-1","article-title":"Uncertainties in CT-based radiation therapy treatment planning associated with patient breathing","volume":"36","author":"Balter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"suppl 18","key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)85401-6","article-title":"Deep inspiration breath-hold technique for lung tumors: The potential value of target immobilization and reduced lung density in dose escalation","volume":"36","author":"Hanley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"year":"1993","key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib41"},{"year":"1978","key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib42"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00008-9","article-title":"A method of incorporating organ motion uncertainties into three-dimensional conformal treatment plans","volume":"35","author":"Mageras","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00477-4","article-title":"A numerical simulation of organ motion and daily setup uncertainties: Implications for radiation therapy","volume":"37","author":"Killoran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00567-1","article-title":"The use of adaptive radiation therapy to reduce setup error: A prospective clinical study","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869509127197","article-title":"Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator","volume":"34","author":"Blomgren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib47","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"220","article-title":"The use of active breathing control (ABC) to minimize breathing motion in conformal therapy","author":"Wong","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597745","article-title":"Target margins for random geometrical treatment uncertainties in conformal radiotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Bel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00925-5","article-title":"Electronic portal imaging with on-line correction of setup error in thoracic irradiation: Clinical evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Van den Steene","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90995-T","article-title":"Daily monitoring and correction of field placement using a video-based portal imaging system: A pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Ezz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib51","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"182","article-title":"Incorporation of patient setup measurement and adjustment within a computer controlled radiotherapy system","author":"Balter","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90431-T","article-title":"On-line repositioning during treatment of the prostate: A study of potential limits and gains","volume":"27","author":"Balter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598005","article-title":"An automatic six-degree-of-freedom image registration algorithm for image-guided frameless stereotaxic radiosurgery","volume":"24","author":"Murphy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)80022-8","article-title":"A dual computed tomography linear accelerator unit for stereotactic radiation therapy: a new approach without cranially fixated stereotactic frames","volume":"35","author":"Uematsu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00081-3","article-title":"Performance of a video-image-subtraction-based patient positioning system","volume":"38","author":"Milliken","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib56","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"191","article-title":"The application of positional and dose distribution information in the treatment room","author":"Campbell","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80051-4_bib57","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy","first-page":"176","article-title":"Clinical experience of heavy ion irradiation synchronous with respiration","author":"Osaka","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053429699800514?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053429699800514?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1555634008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053429699800514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053429699800514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1053-4296(99)80051-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-4296"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1053-4296"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}