{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:52:25Z","timestamp":1778539945690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4580,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-5521(00)00058-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T15:50:50Z","timestamp":1027612250000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":502,"title":["Locked nucleic acid (LNA): fine-tuning the recognition of DNA and RNA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dwaine A","family":"Braasch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.1.280","article-title":"Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and transformation by a specific oligonucleotide","volume":"75","author":"Zamecnik","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.10.871-JMN0909-6-1","article-title":"First antisense drug will treat CMV retinitis","volume":"280","author":"Marwick","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.1.1999.9.351","article-title":"An antisense oligonucleotide primer","volume":"9","author":"Hogrefe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/6909","article-title":"Keeping the biology of antisense in context","volume":"17","author":"Stein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.22.4429","article-title":"The ups and downs of nucleic acid duplex stability: structure-stability studies on chemically-modified DNA:RNA duplexes","volume":"25","author":"Freier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(99)00145-1","article-title":"Antisense properties of peptide nucleic acids","volume":"1489","author":"Larson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(99)00151-7","article-title":"Oligonucleotide N3\u2032\u2013P5\u2032 phophoramidates as potential therapeutic agents","volume":"1489","author":"Gryaznov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00017-X","article-title":"Solution structure of an HNA\u2013RNA hybrid","volume":"7","author":"Lescrinier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/oli.1.2000.10.163","article-title":"Antiproliferative effects of steric blocking phosphoramidate morpholino antisense agents directed against c-myc","volume":"10","author":"Hudziak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(98)00094-5","article-title":"LNA (locked nucleic acids): synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5-methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicylonucloside monomers, oligomerisation and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition","volume":"54","author":"Koshkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tetrahedon"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(98)00706-0","article-title":"Novel convenient syntheses of LNA [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleosides","volume":"39","author":"Koshkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(98)01084-3","article-title":"Stability and structural features of the duplexes containing the nucleoside analogues with a fixed N-type conformation, 2\u2032-O,4\u2032-C-methyleneribonucleosides","volume":"39","author":"Obika","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(99)00146-8","article-title":"Conformationally locked nucleosides. Synthesis and hybridization properties of oligodeoxynucletides containing 2\u20324\u2032-C-bridged 2\u2032-deoxynucleosides","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(99)00394-4","article-title":"Conformationally locked nucleosides. Synthesis and stereochemical assignments of 2\u2032-C,4\u2032-C-bridged bicyclonucleosides","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5402.699","article-title":"Chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure: comparing pentopyranosyl-(2\u2032-4\u2032) oligonucleotides with RNA","volume":"283","author":"Beier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1021\/bc990121s","article-title":"Solution structure of an LNA hybridized to DNA","volume":"11","author":"Nielsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioconj. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3765(20000804)6:15<2687::AID-CHEM2687>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Structural studies of LNA:RNA duplexes by NMR: conformations and RNase H activity","volume":"6","author":"Bondensgaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(99)02052-3","article-title":"Triplex formation by an oligonucleotide containing conformationally locked C-nucleoside, 5-(2-O,4-C-methylene-\u03b2-D-ribofuranosyl)oxazole","volume":"41","author":"Obika","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Torigoe, Y. Hari, M. Seiguchi, S. Obika, T. Imanishi, 2\u2032-O, 4\u2032-C-methylene bridge nucleic acid (2\u2032, 4\u2032-BNA) modification promotes pyrimidine motif triplex DNA formation at physiological pH: thermodynamic and kinetic studies, J. Biol. Chem. (2000), in press.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007783200"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB20","first-page":"377","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antisense drugs: human RNase H","volume":"9","author":"Crooke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1041","article-title":"Peptide nucleic acid: its medical and biotechnical applications and promise for the future","volume":"14","author":"Ray","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0020630","article-title":"Intracellular delivery and inhibition of gene expression by peptide nucleic acids","volume":"40","author":"Doyle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0896(96)00160-5","article-title":"Hybrid oligonucleotides: synthesis, biophysical properties, stability studies, and biological activity","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11994","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.18.11994","article-title":"2\u2032-O-(2-Methoxy)ethyl-modified anti-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) oligonucleotides selectively increase the ICAM-1 mRNA level and inhibit formation of the ICAM-1 translation initiation complex in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"272","author":"Baker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980300h","article-title":"Up-regulation of luciferase gene expression with antisense oligonucleotides: implications and applications in functional assay developments","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14726","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14276","article-title":"Inhibition of telomerase leads to eroded telomeres, reduced proliferation, and cell death","volume":"96","author":"Herbert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.10.5633","article-title":"Potent and nontoxic antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acids","volume":"97","author":"Wahlestedt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(98)00366-7","article-title":"The first analogues of LNA (locked nucleic acids): phosphorothioate-LNA and 2\u2032-thio LNA","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB29","first-page":"1898","article-title":"Detection of the factor V Leiden mutation by direct allele-specific hybridization of PCR amplicons to photoimmobilized locked nucleic acids","volume":"45","author":"Orum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13252","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9822862","article-title":"LNA (locked nucleic acid): an RNA mimic forming exceedingly stable LNA:LNA duplexes","volume":"120","author":"Koshkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552100000582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552100000582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1761029670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074552100000582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074552100000582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1074-5521(00)00058-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-5521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-5521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Locked nucleic acid (LNA): fine-tuning the recognition of DNA and RNA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemistry & Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1074-5521(00)00058-2","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}