{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:34:16Z","timestamp":1774330456184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6407,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry & Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-5521(96)90181-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,9]],"date-time":"2005-02-09T20:11:04Z","timestamp":1107979864000},"page":"923-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":733,"title":["A new enzyme superfamily \u2014 the phosphopantetheinyl transferases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ralph H.","family":"Lambalot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"Flugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Zuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"LaCelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Marahiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chaitan","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54473-2","article-title":"An active serine is involved in covalent substrate amino acid binding at each reaction center of gramicidin S synthetase","volume":"266","author":"Schumbohm","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24658","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.42.24658","article-title":"Cloning, overproduction, and characterization of the Escherichia coli holo-acyl carrier protein synthase","volume":"270","author":"Lambalot","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.5.1544-1553.1992","article-title":"Locating essential Escherichia coli genes by using mini-Tn10 transposons: the pdxJ operon","volume":"174","author":"Takiff","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.13.3869-3876.1996","article-title":"The d-alanyl carrier protein in Lactobacillus casei: cloning, sequencing, and expression of dltC","volume":"178","author":"Debabov","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7740","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.24.7740-7743.1994","article-title":"Serine residue 45 of nodulation protein NodF from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae is essential for its biological function","volume":"176","author":"Ritsema","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00225a027","article-title":"Biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli siderophore enterobactin: sequence of the entFgene, expression and purification of EntF, and analysis of covalent phosphopantetheine","volume":"30","author":"Rusnak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560010410","article-title":"Characterization of EntF as a serine-activating enzyme","volume":"1","author":"Reichert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prot. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90180-5","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of peptidyl carrier protein (PCP), the thiolation domain of multifunctional peptide synthetases","volume":"4","author":"Stachelhaus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemistry & Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7542800","article-title":"Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd","volume":"269","author":"Fleischmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB10","first-page":"3043","article-title":"The entD gene of the Escherichia coli K12 enterobactin gene cluster","volume":"135","author":"Coderre","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280011","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of sfp: a gene that functions in the production of the lipopeptide biosurfactant, surfactin, in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"232","author":"Nakano","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1972.tb19711.x","article-title":"Gene linkage and gene-enzyme relations in the fatty-acid-synthetase system of Saccharomyces cerevisae","volume":"24","author":"Kuhn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03133.x","article-title":"Pantetheine-free mutants of the yeast fatty-acid-synthetase complex","volume":"39","author":"Schweizer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00368735","article-title":"Biosynthese and Struktur des Fettsauresynthetase-Kornplexes der Hefe","volume":"64","author":"Schweizer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB16","first-page":"570","article-title":"Genetic control of fatty acid synthetase biosynthesis and structure in lower fungi","volume":"89","author":"Schweizer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fat Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(80)91240-1","article-title":"Coenzyme A: fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4\u2032-phosphopantetheine transferase in yeast","volume":"96","author":"Werkmeister","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81800-6","article-title":"Differential activities and intramolecular location of fatty acid synthase and 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase component enzymes","volume":"143","author":"Schorr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.8.2458-2462.1994","article-title":"Induction of surfactin production in Bacillus subtilis by gsp, a gene located upstream of the gramicidin S operon in Bacillus brevis","volume":"176","author":"Borchert","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6203","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.19.6203-6211.1993","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis: relationship between B. subtilis sfpo and Escherichia coli entD genes","volume":"175","author":"Grossman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22229","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.38.22229","article-title":"The unmodified (apo) form of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein is a potent inhibitor of cell growth","volume":"270","author":"Keating","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB22","first-page":"32","article-title":"Polyketide synthase acyl carrier proteins from Streptomyces: expression in Escherichia coli, purification and partial characterization","volume":"1251","author":"Crosby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.1995.1052","article-title":"Overexpression, purification, and characterization of E. coli acyl carrier protein and two mutant proteins","volume":"6","author":"Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43805-1","article-title":"The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase I. Proteolytic dissection and peptide mapping","volume":"258","author":"Mattick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43806-3","article-title":"The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase II. Separation of the core and thioesterase functions and determination of the N-C orientation of the subunit","volume":"258","author":"Mattick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43807-5","article-title":"The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase III. Isolation and characterization of the \u03b2-ketoacyl reductase","volume":"258","author":"Wong","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43808-7","article-title":"The architecture of the animal fatty acid synthetase complex IV. Mapping of active centers and model for the mechanism of action","volume":"258","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37582-3","article-title":"Isolation and mapping of the \u03b2-hydroxyacyl dehydratase activity of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase","volume":"263","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.16.4794-4800.1996","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis acyl carrier protein is encoded in a cluster of lipid biosynthesis genes","volume":"178","author":"Morbidoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.4000.875","article-title":"Attempts to map a process evolution of peptide biosynthesis","volume":"173","author":"Lipmann","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB31","first-page":"13","article-title":"Characterization of a new pleiotropic regulatory gene from Bacillus licheniformis","author":"Gaidenko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biotechnologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-338X(93)90238-4","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence and charateristics of a gene, Ipa-14, responsible for the biosynthesis of the lipopeptide antibiotics iturin A and surfactin from Bacillus subtilis RB14","volume":"76","author":"Huang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Ferment. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.12.5662-5668.1988","article-title":"Identification of a genetic locus required for biosynthesis of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"170","author":"Nakano","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07328.x","article-title":"Modular structure of genes encoding multifunctional peptide synthetases required for nonribosomal peptide synthesis","volume":"125","author":"Stachelhaus","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14159.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of aryl carrier protein in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and the combined use of dynamical simulated annealing and distance geometry","volume":"175","author":"Holak","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.8.2282-2292.1994","article-title":"Analysis of a Het\u2212 mutation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 implicates a secondary metabolite in the regulation of heterocyst spacing","volume":"176","author":"Black","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/10408418509104427","article-title":"\u03b1-Aminadipate pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine in lower eukaryotes","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"1985","journal-title":"CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91578-7","article-title":"Properties of revertants of Lys2 and Lys5 mutants as well as \u03b1-amihoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"161","author":"Storts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/1881189a0","article-title":"Mechanism of activation and reduction of \u03b1-aminoadipic acid by yeast enzyme","volume":"188","author":"Sagisaka","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1250743","article-title":"Lysine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces. Conversion of \u03b1-aminoadipate into \u03b1-aminoadipic \u03b4-semialdehyde","volume":"125","author":"Sinha","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90117-T","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the LYS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: homology to Bacillus brevis tyrocidine synthetase 1","volume":"98","author":"Morris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB42","series-title":"Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms","author":"Walsh","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00224.x","article-title":"The Escherichia coli enterobactin biosynthesis gene entD: nucleotide sequence and membrane localization of its protein product","volume":"3","author":"Armstrong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(81)71043-7","article-title":"Acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli","volume":"71","author":"Rock","year":"1981","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.9.5445-5449.1990","article-title":"Isolation and properties of acyl carrier protein phosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli","volume":"172","author":"Fischl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.5.1770-1778.1991","article-title":"srfA is an operon required for surfactin production, competence development, and efficient sporulation in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"173","author":"Nakano","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7557","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.23.7557-7564.1991","article-title":"Analysis of the upstream activating sequence and site of carbon and nitrogen source repression in the promoter of an early-induced sporulation gene of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"173","author":"Frisby","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."}],"container-title":["Chemistry & Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552196901817?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074552196901817?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T07:01:04Z","timestamp":1761030064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074552196901817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074552196901817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1074-5521(96)90181-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-5521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-5521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A new enzyme superfamily \u2014 the phosphopantetheinyl transferases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chemistry & Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90181-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1996 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}