{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T14:29:48Z","timestamp":1776263388273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]],"date-time":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":844128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6133,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)80256-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T09:50:20Z","timestamp":1083405020000},"page":"303-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Immune Activation by Bacterial DNA: A New Genetic Code"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"David S","family":"Pisetsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8924(92)90100-2","article-title":"Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"2","author":"Akhtar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.53.3.737","article-title":"Structural alteration in isolated liver nuclei after removal of template restriction by polyanions","volume":"53","author":"Arnold","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1089\/ard.1993.3.235","article-title":"As nature intended? The uptake of DNA and oligonucleotides by eukaryotic cells","volume":"3","author":"Bennett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antisense Res. Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112226","article-title":"DNA binding to human leukocytes","volume":"76","author":"Bennett","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(87)90294-0","article-title":"CpG islands as gene markers in the vertebrate nucleus","volume":"3","author":"Bird","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90014-N","article-title":"Immune stimulation by an antisense oligomer complementary to the rev gene of HIV-1","volume":"45","author":"Branda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4570","article-title":"Bacterial DNA induces NK cells to produce IFN-\u03b3 in vivo and increases the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides","volume":"156","author":"Cowdery","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.003503","article-title":"The role of somatic mutation in the pathogenic anti-DNA response","volume":"10","author":"Diamond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB9","first-page":"557","article-title":"Patterns of DNA methylation\u2014evolutionary vestiges of foreign DNA inactivation as a host defense mechanism","volume":"372","author":"Doerfler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780291201","article-title":"Antibodies to DNA","volume":"29","author":"Emlen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.58.3.1004","article-title":"Inducers of interferon and host resistance. II. Multistranded synthetic polynucleotide complexes","volume":"58","author":"Field","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01744.x","article-title":"Antibodies to dsDNA are produced during primary BK virus infection in man, indicating that anti-dsDNA antibodies may be related to virus replication in vivo","volume":"38","author":"Fredriksen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90034-2","article-title":"The antibody response of normal mice to immunization with single-stranded DNA of various species origin","volume":"51","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.5.1482","article-title":"Induction of anti-dsDNA antibodies in normal mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"142","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(91)90025-6","article-title":"Specificity of anti-DNA antibodies induced in normal mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"59","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1353","article-title":"Molecular characterization of anti-DNA antibodies induced in normal mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"151","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117793","article-title":"Induction of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in preautoimmune NZB\/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"95","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1996.0009","article-title":"Bacterial DNA induces murine interferon-\u03b3 production by stimulation of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"167","author":"Halpern","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339200100308","article-title":"DNA binding to mouse cells is mediated by cell-surface molecules","volume":"1","author":"Hefeneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01918381","article-title":"Biological aspects of cytosine methylation in eukaryotic cells","volume":"47","author":"Hergersberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1989.9.641","article-title":"The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon","volume":"9","author":"Hovanessian","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Interferon Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13360.x","article-title":"The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase is also activated by heparin","volume":"167","author":"Hovanessian","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.2.451","article-title":"Spontaneous expression of antibodies to DNA of various species origin in sera of normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"140","author":"Karounos","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124658","article-title":"Binding of oligoguanylate to scavenger receptors is required for oligonucleotides to augment NK cell activity and induce IFN","volume":"116","author":"Kimura","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2879","article-title":"CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and inter- feron-\u03b3","volume":"93","author":"Klinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/374546a0","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation","volume":"374","author":"Krieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.003125","article-title":"Structures and functions of multiligand lipoprotein receptors","volume":"63","author":"Krieger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6288","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-\u03baB by phosphorylating I\u03baB","volume":"91","author":"Kumar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.58.2.782","article-title":"Studies of interferon and host resistance. I. Double-stranded RNA from extracts of Penicillium funiculosum","volume":"58","author":"Lampson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB30","first-page":"147","article-title":"Autoantibodies to DNA","volume":"8","author":"Mackworth-Young","year":"1988","journal-title":"CRC Crit. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.12.11.5238","article-title":"Interactions between double-stranded RNA regulators and the protein kinase DAI","volume":"12","author":"Manche","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.41.197","article-title":"In vitro augmentation of natural killer activity of peripheral blood cells from cancer patients by a DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG","volume":"41","author":"Mashiba","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.6.1759","article-title":"Stimulation of in vitro murine lymphocyte proliferation by bacterial DNA","volume":"147","author":"Messina","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1993.1055","article-title":"The influence of DNA structure on the in vitro stimulation of murine lymphocytes by natural and synthetic polynucleotide antigens","volume":"147","author":"Messina","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.2039","article-title":"Complexity of the cytokine and antibody response elicited by immunizing mice with Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein plasmid DNA","volume":"155","author":"Mor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90085-3","article-title":"Exposing the immunology of naked DNA vaccines","volume":"3","author":"Pardoll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53729-7","article-title":"Polynucleotide binding to macrophage scavenger receptors depends on the formation of base-quartet-stabilized four-stranded helices","volume":"268","author":"Pearson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00736-5","article-title":"Anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"Pisetsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(93)90550-K","article-title":"DNA vaccination","volume":"38","author":"Pisetsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Human Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01674433","article-title":"Stimulation of in vitro proliferation of murine lymphocytes by synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"18","author":"Pisetsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00780-2","article-title":"Stimulation of murine lymphocyte proliferation by an oligonucleotide with antisense activity","volume":"54","author":"Pisetsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.002415","article-title":"Genetic and structural evidence for antigen selection of anti-DNA antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Radic","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.20.9519","article-title":"Intradermal gene immunization","volume":"91","author":"Raz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5141","article-title":"Preferential induction of a Th1 immune response and inhibition of specific IgE antibody formation by plasmid DNA immunization","volume":"93","author":"Raz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90019-K","article-title":"Patterns of heavy and light chain utilization in the antibody response to bacterial DNA in normal human subjects and patients with SLE","volume":"62","author":"Robertson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5273.352","article-title":"Immunostimulatory DNA sequences necessary for effective intradermal gene immunization","volume":"273","author":"Sato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-440X(91)90044-T","article-title":"The structure of telomeric DNA","volume":"1","author":"Sen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB48","first-page":"681","article-title":"Antitumor activity of the DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Effects on various syngeneic mouse tumors","volume":"74","author":"Shimada","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.3.769","article-title":"Nonspecific effects of oligodeoxynucleotide injection in Xenopus oocytes","volume":"110","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8351515","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents","volume":"261","author":"Stein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/356152a0","article-title":"Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response","volume":"356","author":"Tang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1989.9.633","article-title":"Regulation of interferon-\u03b2 gene","volume":"9","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Interferon Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05683.x","article-title":"Antigen DNA isolated from immune complexes in plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus hybridizes with the Escherichia coli lac Z gene","volume":"85","author":"Terada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB54","first-page":"955","article-title":"Antitumor activity of deoxyribonucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Isolation, physicochemical characterization, and antitumor activity","volume":"72","author":"Tokunaga","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1992.tb01642.x","article-title":"Synthetic oligonucleotides with particular base sequences from the cDNA encoding proteins of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induce interferons and activate natural killer cells","volume":"36","author":"Tokunaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456302","article-title":"Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein","volume":"259","author":"Ulmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03483.x","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA activates binding of NF-\u03baB to an inducible element in the human \u03b2-interferon promoter","volume":"8","author":"Visvanathan","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(94)90001-9","article-title":"Transport of oligonucleotides across natural and model membranes","volume":"1197","author":"Vlassov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830030808","article-title":"Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse lymphoid cells by polyanions in vitro. II. Relationship between adjuvant activity and stimulation of DNA synthesis by polyanions","volume":"3","author":"Vogt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/372333a0","article-title":"Gene inhibition using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"372","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90610-7","article-title":"Monovalent cation-induced structure of telomeric DNA","volume":"59","author":"Williamson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.17.6454","article-title":"Mechanism of oligonucleotide uptake by cells","volume":"86","author":"Yakubov","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1988.tb00049.x","article-title":"In vitro augmentation of natural killer cell activity and production of interferon-\u03b1\/\u03b2 and -\u03b3 with deoxyribonucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG","volume":"79","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.12.4072","article-title":"Unique palindromic sequences in synthetic oligonucleotides are required to induce INF and augment INF-mediated natural killer activity","volume":"148","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02102.x","article-title":"DNA from bacteria, but not from vertebrates, induces interferons, activates natural killer cells and inhibits tumor growth","volume":"36","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02947.x","article-title":"Synthetic oligonucleotides with certain palindromes stimulate interferon production of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.558","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 promotes IL-6 and IgM secretion in response to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"156","author":"Yi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80256-3_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)02177-9","article-title":"Effect of different chemically modified oligodeoxynucleotides on immune stimulation","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761300802563?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761300802563?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T14:35:31Z","timestamp":1682692531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074761300802563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074761300802563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)80256-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}}}