{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:13:07Z","timestamp":1761167587814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1096-6374(03)00046-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,12]],"date-time":"2003-08-12T12:43:24Z","timestamp":1060692204000},"page":"S4-S9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Health risks of lipodystrophy and abdominal fat accumulation: therapeutic possibilities with leptin and human growth hormone"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luc F.","family":"Van Gaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilse L.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pascale J.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.123","article-title":"The worldwide obesity epidemic","volume":"9","author":"James","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6428.1401","article-title":"Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913","volume":"288","author":"Larsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.10.1055","article-title":"The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913","volume":"34","author":"Ohlson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05603-T","article-title":"Do elevated levels of abdominal visceral adipose tissue contribute to age-related differences in plasma lipoprotein concentrations in men?","volume":"118","author":"Lemieux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.3.304","article-title":"Role of deep abdominal fat in the association between regional adipose tissue distribution and glucose tolerance in obese women","volume":"38","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6454.1257","article-title":"Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death","volume":"289","author":"Lapidus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940715)74:2<632::AID-CNCR2820740215>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Visceral obesity and breast cancer risk","volume":"74","author":"Shapira","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.21.1843","article-title":"Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"280","author":"Rexrode","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7288.716","article-title":"Treatment of obesity: need to focus on high risk abdominally obese patients","volume":"322","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.6.961","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein: another component of the atherothrombotic profile of abdominal obesity","volume":"21","author":"Lemieux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2002.00056.x","article-title":"Obesity, haemostasis and the fibrinolytic system","volume":"3","author":"Mertens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.5.7463","article-title":"Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia","volume":"86","author":"Weyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB13","first-page":"S5","article-title":"The beneficial effects of modest weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Van Gaal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.20.3168","article-title":"Life without white fat: a transgenic mouse","volume":"12","author":"Moitra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.12.8530581","article-title":"An unusual type of familial lipodystrophy","volume":"80","author":"Johansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7901","article-title":"Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice","volume":"105","author":"Gavrilova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-14-2-193","article-title":"An undiagnosed endocrinometabolic syndrome: report of two cases","volume":"14","author":"Berardinelli","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/90.1.27","article-title":"Dunnigan syndrome: an autosomal dominant form of partial lipodystrophy","volume":"90","author":"Jackson","year":"1997","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.10.722","article-title":"Genotype\u2013phenotype relationships in Berardinelli\u2013Seip congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"39","author":"Van Maldergem","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00557.x","article-title":"The IGF-I\/IGFBP system in congenital partial lipodystrophy","volume":"49","author":"Janssen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB21","first-page":"59","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan variety) related to the site of missense mutations in Lamin A\/C gene","volume":"86","author":"Gard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8256","article-title":"Lamin expression in human adipose cells in relation to anatomical site and differentiation state","volume":"87","author":"Lelliot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08468-2","article-title":"Diagnosis, prediction and natural course of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus: a cohort study","volume":"353","author":"Carr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/003655400750045196","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia associated with HIV protease inhibitor use: pathophysiology, prevalence, risk factors and treatment","volume":"32","author":"Penzak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB25","unstructured":"E. Florence, C. Dreezen, R. Considine, M. Wauters, L. Van Gaal, R. Colebunders, Changes in plasma leptin levels as a potential predictor for the development of lipodystrophy among HIV positive adults, submitted for publication"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB26","first-page":"441","article-title":"Hypofibrinolytic state in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitor-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"29","author":"Koppel","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00777.x","article-title":"Syndrome of body fat redistribution in HIV-1 infected patients: relationships to cortisol and catecholamines","volume":"51","author":"Renard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800792","article-title":"Clinical endocrinology of human leptin","volume":"23","author":"Van Gaal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411204","article-title":"Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency","volume":"341","author":"Farooqi","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1430293","article-title":"Human leptin: from an adipocyte hormone to an endocrine mediator","volume":"143","author":"Wauters","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB31","first-page":"4342","article-title":"Serum leptin levels in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Grunfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0255","article-title":"Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity","volume":"257","author":"Arita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.9.1804","article-title":"Lipodystrophy in MCGN type II: the clue to links between the adipocyte and the complement system","volume":"12","author":"Mathieson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012437","article-title":"Leptin replacement therapy for lipodystrophy","volume":"346","author":"Oral","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215001","article-title":"Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy","volume":"109","author":"Petersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215326","article-title":"Leptin: a novel therapeutic role in lipodystrophy","volume":"109","author":"Savage","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2727","article-title":"Transplantation of adipose tissue lacking leptin is unable to reverse the metabolic abnormalities associated with lipoatrophy","volume":"51","author":"Colombo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB38","first-page":"504","article-title":"Assessment of growth hormone dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy","volume":"86","author":"Rietschel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB39","first-page":"956","article-title":"Anabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients with wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Mulligan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB40","first-page":"379","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of visceral fat accumulation in HIV infection","volume":"30","author":"Engelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-4-199908170-00024","article-title":"Reversal of protease inhibitor-related visceral abdominal fat accumulation with recombinant human growth hormone","volume":"131","author":"Mauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719902300606","article-title":"Use of growth hormone and other anabolic agents in AIDS wasting","volume":"23","author":"Mulligan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.472","article-title":"Metaformin in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"284","author":"Hadigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7410","article-title":"Increased PAI-1 and tPA antigen levels are reduced with metformin therapy in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution and insulin resistance","volume":"86","author":"Hadigan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB45","first-page":"163","article-title":"Improved insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution in HIV-infected patients treated with rosiglitazone: a pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Gelato","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.2.376","article-title":"Synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 agonist, rosiglitazone, increases plasma levels of adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637403000467?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637403000467?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:39:58Z","timestamp":1761086398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637403000467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1096637403000467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1096-6374(03)00046-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1096-6374"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health risks of lipodystrophy and abdominal fat accumulation: therapeutic possibilities with leptin and human growth hormone","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00046-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}